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powersas.m/docs/source/advanced_usage.rst

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Advanced Usage
==============
1. Customize analysis with settings file/struct
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
PowerSAS.m lets you customize your simulation by providing a simulation
settings interface to specify the events and scenarios to be analyzed.
To use the customized simulation, call the ``runPowerSAS`` function as
follows:
.. code:: matlab
res=runPowerSAS('dyn',data,options,settings,snapshot)
Details are explained as follows: #### 1.1 Settings file The input
argument ``settings`` can be a string specifying the settings file name,
or a struct containing all the simulation settings.
When ``settings`` is a string, it should be a valid file name of an .m
script file containing the settings. Some examples of the settings files
can be found in the directory ``/data``. The settings file should have
the following variables:
- ``eventList``: A gross list of events. (`more
details <#variable-eventlist>`__)
- ``bsBus``: (for black start simulation only) Black start bus
information. (`more details <#variable-bsbus>`__)
- ``bsSyn``: (for black start simulation only) Generator information on
black start bus. (`more details <#variable-bssyn>`__)
- ``bsInd``: (for black start simulation only) Inductin motor on black
start bus. (`more details <#variable-bsind>`__)
- ``Efstd``: Excitation potential of synchronous generators. (`more
details <#variable-efstd>`__)
- ``evtLine``: List of line addition/outage events. (`more
details <#variables-evtline-and-evtlinespec>`__)
- ``evtLineSpec``: Specifications of line addition/outage events.
(`more details <#variables-evtline-and-evtlinespec>`__)
- ``evtZip``: List of static load addition/shedding events. (`more
details <#variables-evtzip-evtzipspec-and-evtzipspec2>`__)
- ``evtZipSpec``: Specifications of static load addition/shedding
events. (`more
details <#variables-evtzip-evtzipspec-and-evtzipspec2>`__)
- ``evtZipSpec2``: Alternative specifications of static load
addition/shedding events. (`more
details <#variables-evtzip-evtzipspec-and-evtzipspec2>`__)
- ``evtInd``: List of induction motor addition/outage events. (`more
details <#variables-evtind-and-evtindspec>`__)
- ``evtIndSpec``: Specifications of induction motor addition/outage
events. (`more details <#variables-evtind-and-evtindspec>`__)
- ``evtSyn``: List of synchronous generator addition/outage events.
(`more details <#variables-evtsyn-and-evtsynspec>`__)
- ``evtSynSpec``: Specifications of synchronous generator
addition/outage events. (`more
details <#variables-evtsyn-and-evtsynspec>`__)
- ``evtFault``: List of fault occurrence/clearing events. (`more
details <#variables-evtfault-and-evtfaultspec>`__)
- ``evtFaultSpec``: Specifications of fault occurrence/clearning
events. (`more details <#variables-evtfault-and-evtfaultspec>`__)
- ``evtDyn``: List of dynamic ramping events. (`more
details <#variable-evtdyn>`__)
- ``evtDynPQ``: Specifications of PQ bus ramping. (`more
details <#variable-evtdynpq>`__)
- ``evtDynPV``: Specifications of PV bus ramping. (`more
details <#variable-evtdynpv>`__)
- ``evtDynInd``: Specifications of induction motor mechanical load
ramping. (`more details <#variable-evtdynind>`__)
- ``evtDynZip``: Specifications of ZIP load ramping. (`more
details <#variable-evtdynzip>`__)
- ``evtDynSh``: Specifications of shunt compensator ramping. (`more
details <#variable-evtdynsh>`__)
- ``evtDynZipRamp``: Alternative specifications of ZIP load ramping.
(`more details <#variable-evtdynramp>`__)
- ``evtDynTmech``: Specifications of generator mechanical torque
ramping. (`more details <#variable-evtdyntmech>`__)
- ``evtDynPm``: Specifications of generator input active power ramping.
(`more details <#variable-evtdynpm>`__)
- ``evtDynEf``: Specifications of generator excitation potential
ramping. (`more details <#variable-evtdynef>`__)
- ``evtDynVref``: Specifications of exciter reference voltage ramping.
(`more details <#variable-evtdynvref>`__)
- ``evtDynEq1``: Specifications of generator transient excitation
potential ramping. (`more details <#variable-evtdyneq1>`__)
1.2 Settings struct
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Alternatively, the ``settings`` can be a struct containing all the
previous variables as its fields.
Example 1: Transient stability analysis (TSA) using settings file
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
In this example, we want to perform transient stability analysis on
2383-bus system. Here is the scenario of the TSA: \* The total
simulation period is 10 seconds. \* At 0.5 s, apply faults on the
starting terminals of lines 74 and 114, the fault resistance is 0.0 and
the reactance is 0.02. At 0.75 s, clear the faults. \* At 1.5 s, apply
fault on the starting terminal of line 1674, the fault resistance is 0.0
and the reactance is 0.1. At 1.95 s, clear the faults.
The settings file for this simulation is shown below. Other variables
irrelevant to the fault events are omitted here for the sake of clarity.
.. code:: matlab
eventList=[...
1 0.0000 0.0000 0 1 0.0 0.0000
1.1 0.5000 0.0000 6 1 0.0 0.0000
1.2 0.7500 0.0000 6 2 0.0 0.0000
1.3 1.5000 0.0000 6 3 0.0 0.0000
1.4 1.9500 0.0000 6 4 0.0 0.0000
3 10.00 0.0000 99 0 0.0 0.0000
];
% Fault event data
evtFault=[...
1 1 2
2 3 4
3 5 5
4 6 6
];
evtFaultSpec=[...
114, 0.00, 0, 0.02, 0;
74, 0.00, 0, 0.02, 0;
114, 0.00, 0, 0.02, 1;
74, 0.00, 0, 0.02, 1;
1674, 0.00, 0, 0.1, 0;
1674, 0.00, 0, 0.1, 1;
];
Assume the settings file is ``settings_polilsh_tsa.m`` and the system
data file is ``d_dcase2383wp_mod2_ind_zip_syn.m``. We can run the TSA as
follows:
.. code:: matlab
res_2383_st=runPowerSAS('pf','d_dcase2383wp_mod2_ind_zip_syn.m'); % Run steady-state
res_2383_tsa=runPowerSAS('dyn','d_dcase2383wp_mod2_ind_zip_syn.m',setOptions('hotStart',1),'settings_polilsh_tsa',res_2383_st.snapshot); % Hot start from existing steady-state
plotCurves(1,res_2383_tsa.t,res_2383_tsa.stateCurve,res_2383_tsa.SysDataBase,'v'); % plot the voltage magnitude curves
2. Extended-term simulation using hybrid QSS and dynamic engines
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
To accelerate computation — especially for extended-term simulation —
PowerSAS.m provides an adaptive way to switch between QSS and dynamic
engines in the course of a simulation. With this feature enabled,
PowerSAS.m can switch to QSS simulation for better speed on detecting
the fade-away of transients and switch back to dynamic simulation upon
detecting transient events.
For more details on the technical approach, please refer to our paper:
\* Hybrid QSS and Dynamic Extended-Term Simulation Based on Holomorphic
Embedding, arXiv:2104.02877
Example 2 illustrates the use of PowerSAS.m to perform extended-term
simulation.
Example 2: Extended-term simulation
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
We want to study the response of a 4-bus system under periodic
disturbances. The entire simulated process is 500 seconds. Starting at
60 s and continuing until 270 s, the system undergoes events of
adding/shedding loads every 30 s.
The key settings of the simulation are:
.. code:: matlab
% settings_d_004_2a_agc.m
eventList=[...
1 0.0000 0.0000 0 1 0.0 0.0100
6 60.0000 0.0000 2 1 0.0 0.0100
7 90.0000 0.0000 2 2 0.0 0.0100
8 120.0000 0.0000 2 3 0.0 0.0100
9 150.0000 0.0000 2 4 0.0 0.0100
10 180.0000 0.0000 2 1 0.0 0.0100
11 210.0000 0.0000 2 2 0.0 0.0100
12 240.0000 0.0000 2 3 0.0 0.0100
13 270.0000 0.0000 2 4 0.0 0.0100
18 500.0000 0.0000 99 0 0.0 0.0100
];
% Static load event data
evtZip=[...
1 1 1 1
2 1 2 2
3 1 3 3
4 1 4 4
];
evtZipSpec2=[...
3 100.0000 100.0000 60.0000 0.0648 0.0648 0.0648 0.0359 0.0359 0.0359 0 1
2 100.0000 100.0000 60.0000 0.0648 0.0648 0.0648 0.0359 0.0359 0.0359 0 1
3 100.0000 100.0000 60.0000 -0.0648 -0.0648 -0.0648 -0.0359 -0.0359 -0.0359 0 1
2 100.0000 100.0000 60.0000 -0.0648 -0.0648 -0.0648 -0.0359 -0.0359 -0.0359 0 1
];
First we run the simulation in full-dynamic mode and record time:
.. code:: matlab
% Full dynamic simulation
tagFullDynStart=tic;
res_004_fulldyn=runPowerSAS('dyn','d_004_2a_bs_agc.m',[]],'settings_d_004_2a_agc');
timeFullDyn=toc(tagFullDynStart);
Then we run the simulation in hybrid QSS & dynamic mode and record time:
.. code:: matlab
% Hybrid simulation with dynamic-QSS switching
tagHybridStart=tic;
res_004=runPowerSAS('dyn','d_004_2a_bs_agc.m',setOptions('allowSteadyDynSwitch',1),'settings_d_004_2a_agc');
timeHybrid=toc(tagHybridStart);
Compare the results:
.. code:: matlab
plotCurves(1,res_004_fulldyn.t,res_004_fulldyn.stateCurve,res_004_fulldyn.SysDataBase,'v');
plotCurves(2,res_004.t,res_004.stateCurve,res_004.SysDataBase,'v');
And compare the computation time:
.. code:: matlab
disp(['Full dynamic simulation computation time:', num2str(timeFullDyn),' s.']);
disp(['Hybrid simulation computation time:', num2str(timeHybrid),' s.']);
The complete example can be found in
``/example/ex_extended_term_dyn.m``. And the results can also be found
in our paper: \* Hybrid QSS and Dynamic Extended-Term Simulation Based
on Holomorphic Embedding, arXiv:2104.02877
Appendix: Variables in settings
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
variable ``eventList``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) ##### Table 1. Definition of
``eventList`` Column \| Content ——-\| ————- 1 \| Event index (can be an
integer or a real number) 2 \| Event start time 3 \| Event end time (no
effect for instant event) 4 \| Type of event (see `Table
2 <#table-2-event-types>`__) 5 \| Index of event under its type 6 \|
Simulation method (default 0.0) (see below `Simulation
methods <#simulation-methods>`__) 7 \| Timestep (default 0.01)
Table 2. Event types
''''''''''''''''''''
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) Value \| Event type ——-\| ————- 0
\| Calculate steady-state at start 1 \| Add line 2 \| Add static load 3
\| Add induction motor load 4 \| Add synchronous generator 6 \|
Applying/clearing faults 7 \| Cut line 8 \| Cut static load 9 \| Cut
motor load 10\| Cut synchronous generator 50\| Dynamic process 99\| End
of simulation
Simulation methods
''''''''''''''''''
Simulation methods can be specified for each event on the 6th column of
``eventList``. It is encoded as a number ``x.yz``, where: \* ``x`` is
the method for solving differential equation, where 0 - SAS, 1 -
Modified Euler, 2 - R-K 4, 3 - Trapezoidal rule. \* ``y`` is the method
for solving algebraic equation, where 0 - SAS, 1 - Newton-Raphson. \*
``z`` is whether to use variable time step scheme for numerical
integration (``x`` is 1, 2 or 3). 0 - Fixed step, 1 - Variable step.
Note that when ``x=0``, ``y`` and ``z`` are not effective, it
automatically uses SAS and variable time steps.
variable ``bsBus``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) Current version only support one
black start bus and therefore only the first line will be recognized.
Will expand in the future versions. Column \| Content ——-\| ————- 1 \|
Bus index 2 \| Active power of Z component load 3 \| Active power of I
component load 4 \| Active power of P component load 5 \| Reactive power
of Z component load 6 \| Reactive power of I component load 7 \|
Reactive power of P component load
variable ``bsSyn``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) Column \| Content ——-\| ————- 1 \|
Index of synchronous generator 2 \| Excitation potential 3 \| Active
power 4 \| Participation factor for power balancing
variable ``bsInd``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) Column \| Content ——-\| ————- 1 \|
Index of induction motor 2 \| Mechanical load torque
variable ``Efstd``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) When there are synchronous
generators in the system model, ``Efstd`` is needed to compute steady
state. The ``Efstd`` is a column vector specifying the excitation
potential of every synchronous generator, or it can also be a scalar
assigning the excitation potentials of all the generator as the same
value.
variables ``evtLine`` and ``evtLineSpec``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) In ``eventList``, when the 4th
column (event type) equals 1 or 7 (add or cut line, respectively), the
index of the line events in ``evtLine`` corresponds to the 5th column of
``eventList``. ##### variable ``evtLine`` (`back to
top <#11-settings-file>`__) Column \| Content ——-\| ————- 1 \| Index of
line events (from 5th column of ``eventList``) 2 \| Start index in
``evtLineSpec`` 3 \| End index in ``evtLineSpec``
variable ``evtLineSpec``
''''''''''''''''''''''''
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) Column \| Content ——-\| ————- 1 \|
Index of line 2 \| Add/cut mark, 0 - add line, 1 - cut line 3 \|
Reserved 4 \| Reserved 5 \| Reserved
variables ``evtZip``, ``evtZipSpec`` and ``evtZipSpec2``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) In ``eventList``, when the 4th
column (event type) equals 2 or 8 (add/cut static load), the index of
the load events in ``evtZip`` corresponds to the 5th column of
``eventList``. ##### variable ``evtLine`` (`back to
top <#11-settings-file>`__) Column \| Content ——-\| ————- 1 \| Index of
load events (from 5th column of ``eventList``) 2 \| Choose
``evtZipSpec`` (0) or ``evtZipSpec2`` (1) 3 \| Start index in
``evtZipSpec`` or ``evtZipSpec2`` 4 \| End index in ``evtZipSpec`` or
``evtZipSpec2``
variable ``evtZipSpec``
'''''''''''''''''''''''
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) Column \| Content ——-\| ————- 1 \|
Index of zip loads in system base state 2 \| Add/cut mark, 0 - add load,
1 - cut load
variable ``evtZipSpec2`` (recommended)
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) ``evtZipSpec2`` has the same
format as PSAT ZIP load format, which represents the change of ZIP load.
Whether the event is specified as add/cut load does not make difference.
variables ``evtInd`` and ``evtIndSpec``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) In ``eventList``, when the 4th
column (event type) equals 3 or 9 (add or cut induction motors,
respectively), the index of the induction motor events in ``evtInd``
corresponds to the 5th column of ``eventList``. ##### variable
``evtInd`` (`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) Column \| Content ——-\|
————- 1 \| Index of induction motor events (from 5th column of
``eventList``) 2 \| Start index in ``evtIndSpec`` 3 \| End index in
``evtIndSpec``
variable ``evtIndSpec``
'''''''''''''''''''''''
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) Column \| Content ——-\| ————- 1 \|
Index of induction motor 2 \| Event type, 0 - add motor, 1 - change
state, 2 - cut motor 3 \| Designated mechanical torque 4 \| Designated
slip
variables ``evtSyn`` and ``evtSynSpec``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) In ``eventList``, when the 4th
column (event type) equals 4 or 10 (add or cut synchronous generators,
respectively), the index of the synchronous generator events in
``evtSyn`` corresponds to the 5th column of ``eventList``. #####
variable ``evtSyn`` Column \| Content ——-\| ————- 1 \| Index of
synchronous generator events (from 5th column of ``eventList``) 2 \|
Start index in ``evtSynSpec`` 3 \| End index in ``evtSynSpec``
variable ``evtSynSpec``
'''''''''''''''''''''''
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) Column \| Content ——-\| ————- 1 \|
Index of synchronous generator 2 \| Event type, 0 - add generator, 1 -
cut generator 3 \| Designated rotor angle (only effective when adding
generator, NaN means the rotor angle is the same with voltage angle). 4
\| Designated mechanical power (only effective when adding generator). 5
\| Designated excitation potential (only effective when adding
generator).
variables ``evtFault`` and ``evtFaultSpec``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) In ``eventList``, when the 4th
column (event type) equals 6 (apply or clear faults, respectively), the
index of the fault events in ``evtFault`` corresponds to the 5th column
of ``eventList``. In the current version, we only consider three-phase
grounding faults. ##### variable ``evtFault`` Column \| Content ——-\|
————- 1 \| Index of fault events (from 5th column of ``eventList``) 2 \|
Start index in ``evtFaultSpec`` 3 \| End index in ``evtFaultSpec``
variable ``evtFaultSpec``
'''''''''''''''''''''''''
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) Column \| Content ——-\| ————- 1 \|
Index of fault line 2 \| Position of fault, 0.0 stands for starting
terminal and 1.0 stands for ending terminal. 3 \| Resistance of fault. 4
\| Reactance of fault. 5 \| Event type: 0 - add fault; 1 - clear fault.
variable ``evtDyn``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) The ``evtDyn`` variable specifies
the indexes of ramping events involving various types of components.
Column \| Content ——-\| ————- 1 \| Index of event 2 \| Start index in
``evtDynPQ`` 3 \| End index in ``evtDynPQ`` 4 \| Start index in
``evtDynPV`` 5 \| End index in ``evtDynPV`` 6 \| Start index in
``evtDynInd`` 7 \| End index in ``evtDynInd`` 8 \| Start index in
``evtDynZip`` 9 \| End index in ``evtDynZip`` 10\| Start index in
``evtDynSh`` 11\| End index in ``evtDynSh`` 12\| Start index in
``evtDynZipRamp`` 13\| End index in ``evtDynZipRamp`` 14\| Start index
in ``evtDynTmech`` 15\| End index in ``evtDynTmech`` 16\| Start index in
``evtDynPm`` 17\| End index in ``evtDynPm`` 18\| Start index in
``evtDynEf`` 19\| End index in ``evtDynEf`` 20\| Start index in
``evtDynVref`` 21\| End index in ``evtDynVref`` 22\| Start index in
``evtDynEq1`` 23\| End index in ``evtDynEq1``
variable ``evtDynPQ``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) Column \| Content ——-\| ————- 1 \|
Index of bus 2 \| Active power ramping rate 3 \| Reactive power ramping
rate
variable ``evtDynPV``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) Column \| Content ——-\| ————- 1 \|
Index of bus 2 \| Active power ramping rate
variable ``evtDynInd``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) Column \| Content ——-\| ————- 1 \|
Index of induction motor 2 \| Mechanical load torque ramping rate
variable ``evtDynZip``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) Column \| Content ——-\| ————- 1 \|
Index of bus 2 \| ZIP load ramping rate
variable ``evtDynSh``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) Column \| Content ——-\| ————- 1 \|
Index of bus 2 \| Shunt admittance ramping rate
variable ``evtDynZipRamp``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) ``evtDynZipRamp`` has the same
format as PSAT ZIP load format, which represents the ramping direction
of ZIP load.
variable ``evtDynTmech``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) Column \| Content ——-\| ————- 1 \|
Index of synchronous generator 2 \| Ramping rate of mechanical power
reference value (TG required)
variable ``evtDynEf``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) Column \| Content ——-\| ————- 1 \|
Index of synchronous generator 2 \| Ramping rate of excitation potential
variable ``evtDynVref``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) Column \| Content ——-\| ————- 1 \|
Index of synchronous generator 2 \| Ramping rate of exciter reference
voltage
variable ``evtDynEq1``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(`back to top <#11-settings-file>`__) Column \| Content ——-\| ————- 1 \|
Index of synchronous generator 2 \| Ramping rate of transient excitation
potential
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