Compare commits

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127 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
b0b6b9b2dc Implement MIPLearn solution method 2024-01-09 14:27:46 -06:00
58cc33ac69 Remove unused 'reactance' field 2023-08-01 12:31:19 -05:00
b555f9885a Minor correction to ISF definition 2023-08-01 12:21:22 -05:00
b39b14afa4 docs: Minor changes; add examples to repository 2023-07-27 12:02:13 -05:00
d49712f41b initcond: Apply to instance instead of scenario 2023-07-27 11:49:47 -05:00
beaf0b785f Add zenodo.json 2023-07-27 11:10:41 -05:00
9853b15f1c Merge pull request #40 from hejun0524/storage_units
Storage units
2023-07-26 09:22:37 -05:00
81d4ff5b9d Merge pull request #31 from hejun0524/dev
Time Decomposition and Marketing
2023-07-26 09:17:49 -05:00
Jun He
ad50cdd935 update doc for storage units 2023-07-18 16:04:52 -04:00
Jun He
8f0661c93f reformat one line 2023-07-17 12:04:16 -04:00
Jun He
ca092a67ce storage units 2023-07-17 11:39:31 -04:00
Jun He
82cefe2652 disable HiGHS logging 2023-07-16 16:57:53 -04:00
Jun He
cd96b28076 market json gz 2023-06-16 17:11:41 -04:00
Jun He
3086e71611 updated doc with solve_market 2023-06-16 17:02:06 -04:00
Jun He
0bb175078b da to rt market with tests 2023-06-16 15:35:51 -04:00
Jun He
2fb89045cd disable optimizer logging 2023-06-16 15:35:10 -04:00
Jun He
f31921fc4f added Time horizon (min) 2023-06-13 15:05:37 -04:00
Jun He
6ea769a68c add in after_build and after_optimize 2023-06-07 13:24:27 -04:00
Jun He
2d510ca7ea updated doc for time decomp 2023-06-07 13:22:56 -04:00
Jun He
d602b686bc add default values 2023-06-07 13:22:38 -04:00
Jun He
53052ec895 standalone test integration 2023-05-27 15:43:39 -04:00
Jun He
f59914f265 Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/dev' into dev 2023-05-27 14:54:44 -04:00
Jun He
7201acde78 time decomp bug fix 2023-05-27 14:49:43 -04:00
7a96f8cc1e Merge pull request #32 from oyurdakul/progressive-hedging
progressive hedging
2023-05-26 11:58:18 -05:00
b8ada6432a Format source code 2023-05-26 11:50:41 -05:00
03bf1c4c04 PH: Rename vars, remove return value 2023-05-26 11:47:34 -05:00
3961aedaf5 Revise docs and struct name; add basic MPI test 2023-05-26 10:52:23 -05:00
oyurdakul
9dc3607c56 progressive hedging 2023-05-22 16:41:00 -05:00
Jun He
ec2d56602b updated the warning block syntax 2023-05-20 12:13:28 -04:00
40270b0030 Make test/ a standalone project 2023-05-19 15:35:49 -05:00
Jun He
7c41a9761c warning on nested time decomp 2023-05-19 13:57:56 -04:00
Jun He
6f9420874d added more comments 2023-05-19 13:57:33 -04:00
Jun He
eff5908b13 time decomposition doc 2023-05-19 13:31:44 -04:00
Jun He
adcaf6fc55 time decomposition tests 2023-05-19 13:31:32 -04:00
Jun He
46259f7c1c time decomposition src code 2023-05-19 13:31:20 -04:00
oyurdakul
e8d8272510 Fix pwlcosts bug 2023-05-19 11:34:02 -05:00
6db2ca76e8 Fix formatting 2023-05-19 10:40:25 -05:00
4adb3344ac Profiled units: minor changes 2023-05-19 10:38:35 -05:00
Jun He
316d0bdf5a added profiled units in slice 2023-05-05 14:48:42 -04:00
Jun He
33f8ec26d5 renamed capacity to max_power 2023-05-05 14:48:15 -04:00
Jun He
41790db448 new test case gz file 2023-04-22 14:09:40 -04:00
Jun He
baf529a15d added commitment status to thermal 2023-04-22 14:02:03 -04:00
Jun He
b71a1c3d5f Updated randomize, validate and initial conditions 2023-04-07 16:42:03 -04:00
Jun He
bea42d174c Reformatted code 2023-04-06 16:21:58 -04:00
Jun He
896ef0f3e3 Added min power, fixed typo 2023-04-06 16:16:30 -04:00
Jun He
cb7f9e3b27 Added minimum power to profiled generator 2023-04-06 16:16:04 -04:00
319a787904 Merge pull request #26 from hejun0524/dev
LMP Methods & Profiled Units
2023-04-06 13:11:04 -05:00
b1c963f217 Rename 'production' to 'thermal production' 2023-04-04 15:59:41 -05:00
19534a128f Rename Unit to ThermalUnit 2023-04-04 15:40:44 -05:00
Jun He
51f6aa9a80 Create case14-profiled.json.gz 2023-03-31 15:19:46 -04:00
Jun He
f2c0388cac Updated the docs 2023-03-31 15:11:59 -04:00
Jun He
3564358a63 Re-formatted the codes 2023-03-31 15:11:47 -04:00
Jun He
b2ed0f67c1 Added the profiled units 2023-03-31 15:11:37 -04:00
Jun He
2a6c206e08 updated LMP for UC scenario 2023-03-30 23:19:24 -04:00
Jun He
30a4284119 Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/dev' into dev 2023-03-30 14:35:09 -04:00
Jun He
71ed55cb40 Formatted codes on the LMP dev branch 2023-03-30 14:30:10 -04:00
Jun He
0b95df25ec typo fix in generator json example 2023-03-24 10:56:41 -04:00
Jun He
5f5c8b66eb more condition checking on AELMP 2023-03-19 14:28:39 -04:00
52f1ff9a27 Merge pull request #25 from oyurdakul/stochastic-extension
stochastic extension w/ scenarios
2023-03-16 12:10:13 -05:00
414128cc0b Correct optimize!, add stochastic test case 2023-03-16 12:03:40 -05:00
20939dc4b7 Minor edits to instance/structs.jl 2023-03-16 10:43:30 -05:00
d8741f04a0 Minor edits to instance/read.jl 2023-03-16 10:38:08 -05:00
3b6d810884 Remove duplicate format.jl file 2023-03-16 10:24:31 -05:00
204c5d900f Remove unused dependency 2023-03-16 10:23:40 -05:00
cb9334c0a3 Minor changes to tests 2023-03-16 10:21:31 -05:00
31e0613134 Remove unused dependency & debug statements 2023-03-16 10:09:01 -05:00
4827c29230 Add Jun to authors 2023-03-15 12:41:09 -05:00
19e84bac07 Reformat source code 2023-03-15 12:27:43 -05:00
d7d2a3fcf6 AELMP: Convert warnings into errors; update docstrings 2023-03-15 12:23:18 -05:00
784ebfa199 ConventionalLMP: turn warnings into errors, remove some inline comments 2023-03-15 12:15:57 -05:00
d2e11eee42 Flatten dir structure, update docstrings 2023-03-15 12:08:35 -05:00
34ca6952fb Revise docs 2023-03-15 11:34:50 -05:00
Jun He
bc3aee38f8 modified the tests for LMP and AELMP 2023-03-08 13:35:33 -05:00
Jun He
415732f0ec updated the doc with LMP and AELMP 2023-03-08 13:34:10 -05:00
Jun He
5c91dc2ac9 re-designed the LMP methods
The LMP and AELMP methods are re-designed to be dependent on the instance object instead of input files, and to have a unified API style for purposes of flexibility and consistency.
2023-03-08 13:33:47 -05:00
oyurdakul
ad4a754d63 read and repair scenario 2023-03-06 17:07:54 -06:00
oyurdakul
481f5a904c read and repair scenario 2023-03-06 17:03:34 -06:00
oyurdakul
7e8a2ee026 stochastic extension 2023-02-22 12:44:46 -06:00
oyurdakul
c95b01dadf stochastic extension w/ scenarios 2023-02-08 23:46:10 -06:00
Feng
8fc84412eb Update README.md
minor corrections on grammer.
2022-08-19 11:03:21 -05:00
6573bb7ea2 Update README.md 2022-07-18 09:54:15 -06:00
1769f2a932 Project.toml: Remove Revise.jl 2022-07-18 09:42:00 -06:00
4dc39363e8 Update references, copyright notices, links 2022-07-18 09:40:52 -06:00
5fef01cd99 Improve docs 2022-07-17 15:50:42 -06:00
18daaf5358 Switch to Documenter.jl 2022-07-17 14:44:58 -06:00
b68b4ff9e4 Update CHANGELOG and docs 2022-07-13 10:14:42 -05:00
6e30645084 Allow v0.3 to read v0.2 instance files 2022-07-12 11:57:55 -05:00
678e6aa2f5 Update docs 2022-07-11 12:16:06 -05:00
fd25580967 Reformat source code 2022-07-11 10:58:42 -05:00
dc693896a3 Merge branch 'dev' into feature/reserves 2022-06-20 17:17:27 -05:00
ddebcc6ddb Merge branch 'dev' into feature/reserves 2022-06-20 14:31:02 -05:00
3282e5bc3a Fix all tests 2022-06-20 14:21:02 -05:00
15de1901c8 Remove temporary files 2022-06-14 14:55:59 -05:00
bf2dc4ddc4 Remove instances from repository; download on the fly 2022-06-14 14:38:44 -05:00
5c3c8f0d63 GitHub Actions: Remove older non-LTS Julia versions 2022-04-16 11:53:12 -05:00
cce6a874b9 Bump JuMP version to 1.0 2022-04-16 11:52:21 -05:00
1ce1cddaf3 Remove Gurobi from test dependencies; remove large tests 2022-04-16 11:43:09 -05:00
46d754dbcf GitHub Actions: Add Julia 1.7 2022-04-16 11:34:25 -05:00
b7d9083335 Makefile: Update clean target 2022-04-16 11:34:14 -05:00
86ae1d0429 juliaw: Make it compatible with Julia 1.7 2022-04-16 11:33:57 -05:00
58a7567c16 Randomization: Explicitly use MersenneTwister; allow other RNGs 2022-04-16 11:14:06 -05:00
2367e5a348 Fix formatting 2022-04-16 10:27:46 -05:00
74b8a8ae2c Fix formatting 2022-04-16 10:23:58 -05:00
3260fa29ad Remove temporary files 2022-04-16 10:16:53 -05:00
3b1d2d1845 Add author: Ogün Yurdakul 2022-04-16 10:15:32 -05:00
db106f1a38 Make juliaw executable 2022-04-16 10:12:09 -05:00
16b0fec6cd Make tests completely silent; remove set_gap warnings on Cbc 2022-04-16 10:11:33 -05:00
cda1e368fe Remove some redundant comments 2022-04-16 09:55:28 -05:00
099fb4e3cb Add case14-flex test case 2022-04-16 09:52:08 -05:00
oyurdakul
b4bc50c865 new formatting 2022-04-01 15:22:42 +02:00
oyurdakul
febb4f1aad new formatting 2022-04-01 15:17:14 +02:00
oyurdakul
8988b00b07 modified validation, error scripts 2022-03-23 02:39:24 +01:00
oyurdakul
0046c4ca2a change the validation of reserves 2022-03-22 19:01:20 +01:00
72f659b9ff Merge branch 'dev' into add-flexiramp 2022-03-01 16:32:52 -06:00
861284875b Reformat source code 2022-03-01 16:32:33 -06:00
360308ef4a Reformat source code 2022-03-01 16:26:51 -06:00
03268dd3df Merge branch 'dev' into add-flexiramp 2022-03-01 16:26:42 -06:00
ec0f9dcfcd Temporarily revert changes to instances.md; download v0.2 instances 2022-03-01 16:24:47 -06:00
oyurdakul
a3a71ff5a9 add flexiramp 2022-02-03 09:45:06 +01:00
5beff627d3 Cite sources in read_benchmark; update docs 2022-01-24 10:42:55 -06:00
5ca566f147 Remove old reserves 2022-01-20 16:23:22 -06:00
5e2cdb9e0c Update docs 2022-01-20 16:20:02 -06:00
e41f4d11c2 Remove instances from repository; download on the fly 2022-01-20 16:17:48 -06:00
3220650e39 Implement new reserves 2022-01-20 10:18:19 -06:00
ca0d250dfa Parse new reserves 2022-01-19 10:03:22 -06:00
2bd68b49a5 Reserves: Update docs 2022-01-19 09:23:21 -06:00
fbc4b004cd benchmarks: use provided gap and time limit 2021-08-31 10:25:58 -05:00
344 changed files with 8947 additions and 2655 deletions

View File

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
name: Tests
name: Build & Test
on:
push:
pull_request:
@@ -6,19 +6,30 @@ on:
- cron: '45 10 * * *'
jobs:
test:
name: Julia ${{ matrix.version }} - ${{ matrix.os }} - ${{ matrix.arch }}
runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
strategy:
matrix:
julia-version: ['1.4', '1.5', '1.6']
julia-arch: [x64]
os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macOS-latest]
exclude:
- os: macOS-latest
julia-arch: x86
version: ['1.6', '1.7', '1.8', '1.9']
os:
- ubuntu-latest
arch:
- x64
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v2
- uses: julia-actions/setup-julia@latest
- uses: julia-actions/setup-julia@v1
with:
version: ${{ matrix.julia-version }}
- uses: julia-actions/julia-buildpkg@latest
- uses: julia-actions/julia-runtest@latest
version: ${{ matrix.version }}
arch: ${{ matrix.arch }}
- name: Run tests
shell: julia --color=yes --project=test {0}
run: |
using Pkg
Pkg.develop(path=".")
Pkg.update()
using UnitCommitmentT
try
runtests()
catch
exit(1)
end

33
.gitignore vendored
View File

@@ -1,21 +1,38 @@
*.bak
*.gz
*.lastrun
*.so
*.mps
*.ipynb
*.lastrun
*.mps
*.so
*/Manifest.toml
.AppleDB
.AppleDesktop
.AppleDouble
.DS_Store
.DocumentRevisions-V100
.LSOverride
.Spotlight-V100
.TemporaryItems
.Trashes
.VolumeIcon.icns
._*
.apdisk
.com.apple.timemachine.donotpresent
.fseventsd
.ipy*
.vscode
Icon
Manifest.toml
Network Trash Folder
TODO.md
Temporary Items
benchmark/results
benchmark/runs
benchmark/tables
benchmark/tmp.json
build
docs/_build
instances/**/*.json
instances/_source
local
notebooks
TODO.md
docs/_build
.vscode
Manifest.toml
*/Manifest.toml

27
.zenodo.json Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
{
"creators": [
{
"orcid": "0000-0002-5022-9802",
"affiliation": "Argonne National Laboratory",
"name": "Santos Xavier, Alinson"
},
{
"affiliation": "University of Florida",
"name": "Kazachkov, Aleksandr M."
},
{
"affiliation": "Technische Universität Berlin",
"name": "Yurdakul, Ogün"
},
{
"affiliation": "Purdue University",
"name": "He, Jun"
},
{
"affiliation": "Argonne National Laboratory",
"name": "Qiu, Feng"
}
],
"title": "UnitCommitment.jl: A Julia/JuMP Optimization Package for Security-Constrained Unit Commitment",
"description": "<b>UnitCommitment.jl</b> (UC.jl) is an optimization package for the Security-Constrained Unit Commitment Problem (SCUC), a fundamental optimization problem in power systems used, for example, to clear the day-ahead electricity markets. The package provides benchmark instances for the problem and Julia/JuMP implementations of state-of-the-art mixed-integer programming formulations."
}

View File

@@ -11,6 +11,21 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
[semver]: https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html
[pkjjl]: https://pkgdocs.julialang.org/v1/compatibility/#compat-pre-1.0
## [0.3.0] - 2022-07-18
### Added
- Add support for multiple reserve products and zonal reserves.
- Add flexiramp reserve products, following WanHob2016's formulation (@oyurdakul, #21).
- Add 365 variations for each MATPOWER instance, corresponding to each day of the year.
### Changed
- To support multiple/zonal reserves, the input data format has been modified as follows:
- In `Generators`, replace `Provides spinning reserves?` by `Reserve eligibility`
- In `Parameters`, remove `Reserve shortfall penalty`
- Revise `Reserves` section
- To allow new versions of UnitCommitment.jl to read old instance files, a new required field `Version` has been added to the `Parameters` section. To load v0.2 files in v0.3, please add `{"Parameters":{"Version":"0.2"}}` to the file.
- Benchmark test cases are now downloaded on-the-fly as needed, instead of being stored in our GitHub repository. Test cases can also be directly downloaded from: https://axavier.org/UnitCommitment.jl/
## [0.2.2] - 2021-07-21
### Fixed
- Fix small bug in validation scripts related to startup costs

View File

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
Copyright © 2020, UChicago Argonne, LLC
Copyright © 2020-2022, UChicago Argonne, LLC
All Rights Reserved

View File

@@ -2,22 +2,10 @@
# Copyright (C) 2020, UChicago Argonne, LLC. All rights reserved.
# Released under the modified BSD license. See COPYING.md for more details.
VERSION := 0.2
clean:
rm -rfv build
VERSION := 0.3
docs:
cd docs; make clean; make dirhtml
rsync -avP --delete-after docs/_build/dirhtml/ ../docs/$(VERSION)/
cd docs; julia --project=. make.jl; cd ..
rsync -avP --delete-after docs/build/ ../docs/$(VERSION)/
format:
cd deps/formatter; ../../juliaw format.jl
test: test/Manifest.toml
./juliaw test/runtests.jl
test/Manifest.toml: test/Project.toml
julia --project=test -e "using Pkg; Pkg.instantiate()"
.PHONY: docs test format install-deps
.PHONY: docs

View File

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name = "UnitCommitment"
uuid = "64606440-39ea-11e9-0f29-3303a1d3d877"
authors = ["Santos Xavier, Alinson <axavier@anl.gov>"]
repo = "https://github.com/ANL-CEEESA/UnitCommitment.jl"
version = "0.2.2"
version = "0.3.0"
[deps]
DataStructures = "864edb3b-99cc-5e75-8d2d-829cb0a9cfe8"
@@ -13,18 +13,24 @@ JSON = "682c06a0-de6a-54ab-a142-c8b1cf79cde6"
JuMP = "4076af6c-e467-56ae-b986-b466b2749572"
LinearAlgebra = "37e2e46d-f89d-539d-b4ee-838fcccc9c8e"
Logging = "56ddb016-857b-54e1-b83d-db4d58db5568"
MPI = "da04e1cc-30fd-572f-bb4f-1f8673147195"
MathOptInterface = "b8f27783-ece8-5eb3-8dc8-9495eed66fee"
PackageCompiler = "9b87118b-4619-50d2-8e1e-99f35a4d4d9d"
Printf = "de0858da-6303-5e67-8744-51eddeeeb8d7"
Random = "9a3f8284-a2c9-5f02-9a11-845980a1fd5c"
Requires = "ae029012-a4dd-5104-9daa-d747884805df"
SparseArrays = "2f01184e-e22b-5df5-ae63-d93ebab69eaf"
Suppressor = "fd094767-a336-5f1f-9728-57cf17d0bbfb"
TimerOutputs = "a759f4b9-e2f1-59dc-863e-4aeb61b1ea8f"
[compat]
DataStructures = "0.18"
Distributions = "0.25"
GZip = "0.5"
JSON = "0.21"
JuMP = "0.21"
MathOptInterface = "0.9"
JuMP = "1"
MPI = "0.20"
MathOptInterface = "1"
PackageCompiler = "1"
TimerOutputs = "0.5"
julia = "1"

View File

@@ -87,19 +87,22 @@ UnitCommitment.write("/tmp/output.json", solution)
## Documentation
1. [Usage](https://anl-ceeesa.github.io/UnitCommitment.jl/0.2/usage/)
2. [Data Format](https://anl-ceeesa.github.io/UnitCommitment.jl/0.2/format/)
3. [Instances](https://anl-ceeesa.github.io/UnitCommitment.jl/0.2/instances/)
4. [JuMP Model](https://anl-ceeesa.github.io/UnitCommitment.jl/0.2/model/)
1. [Usage](https://anl-ceeesa.github.io/UnitCommitment.jl/0.3/usage/)
2. [Data Format](https://anl-ceeesa.github.io/UnitCommitment.jl/0.3/format/)
3. [Instances](https://anl-ceeesa.github.io/UnitCommitment.jl/0.3/instances/)
4. [JuMP Model](https://anl-ceeesa.github.io/UnitCommitment.jl/0.3/model/)
5. [API Reference](https://anl-ceeesa.github.io/UnitCommitment.jl/0.3/api/)
## Authors
* **Alinson S. Xavier** (Argonne National Laboratory)
* **Aleksandr M. Kazachkov** (University of Florida)
* **Ogün Yurdakul** (Technische Universität Berlin)
* **Jun He** (Purdue University)
* **Feng Qiu** (Argonne National Laboratory)
## Acknowledgments
* We would like to **Yonghong Chen** (Midcontinent Independent System Operator), **Feng Pan** (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) for valuable feedback on early versions of this package.
* We would like to thank **Yonghong Chen** (Midcontinent Independent System Operator), **Feng Pan** (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) for valuable feedback on early versions of this package.
* Based upon work supported by **Laboratory Directed Research and Development** (LDRD) funding from Argonne National Laboratory, provided by the Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357
@@ -109,15 +112,15 @@ UnitCommitment.write("/tmp/output.json", solution)
If you use UnitCommitment.jl in your research (instances, models or algorithms), we kindly request that you cite the package as follows:
* **Alinson S. Xavier, Aleksandr M. Kazachkov, Feng Qiu**. "UnitCommitment.jl: A Julia/JuMP Optimization Package for Security-Constrained Unit Commitment". Zenodo (2020). [DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4269874](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4269874).
* **Alinson S. Xavier, Aleksandr M. Kazachkov, Ogün Yurdakul, Feng Qiu**. "UnitCommitment.jl: A Julia/JuMP Optimization Package for Security-Constrained Unit Commitment (Version 0.3)". Zenodo (2022). [DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4269874](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4269874).
If you use the instances, we additionally request that you cite the original sources, as described in the [instances page](docs/instances.md).
If you use the instances, we additionally request that you cite the original sources, as described in the documentation.
## License
```text
UnitCommitment.jl: A Julia/JuMP Optimization Package for Security-Constrained Unit Commitment
Copyright © 2020-2021, UChicago Argonne, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright © 2020-2022, UChicago Argonne, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted
provided that the following conditions are met:

View File

@@ -126,9 +126,13 @@ formulations = Dict(
# Solution methods
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
const gap_limit = parse(Float64, args["--gap"])
const time_limit = parse(Float64, args["--time-limit"])
methods = Dict(
"default" =>
XavQiuWanThi2019.Method(time_limit = 3600.0, gap_limit = 1e-4),
"default" => XavQiuWanThi2019.Method(
time_limit = time_limit,
gap_limit = gap_limit,
),
)
# MIP solvers
@@ -154,8 +158,6 @@ end
if !isempty(args["--solver"])
optimizers = filter(p -> p.first in args["--solver"], optimizers)
end
const time_limit = parse(Float64, args["--time-limit"])
const gap_limit = parse(Float64, args["--gap"])
const ntrials = parse(Int, args["--trials"])
# Print benchmark settings

View File

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
[deps]
JuliaFormatter = "98e50ef6-434e-11e9-1051-2b60c6c9e899"
[compat]
JuliaFormatter = "0.14.4"

View File

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
using JuliaFormatter
format(
[
"../../src",
"../../test",
"../../benchmark/run.jl",
],
verbose=true,
)

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@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
SPHINXOPTS ?=
SPHINXBUILD ?= sphinx-build
SOURCEDIR = .
BUILDDIR = _build
help:
@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M help "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O)
.PHONY: help Makefile
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9
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@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
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View File

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text-align: center;
}

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@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
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495
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495
docs/example/s2.json Normal file
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"c16": {
"Affected lines": [
"l16"
]
},
"c17": {
"Affected lines": [
"l17"
]
},
"c18": {
"Affected lines": [
"l18"
]
},
"c19": {
"Affected lines": [
"l19"
]
},
"c20": {
"Affected lines": [
"l20"
]
}
},
"Price-sensitive loads": {
"ps1": {
"Bus": "b3",
"Revenue ($/MW)": 100.0,
"Demand (MW)": 50.0
}
},
"Reserves": {
"r1": {
"Type": "Spinning",
"Amount (MW)": 100.0,
"Shortfall penalty ($/MW)": 1000.0
}
}
}

View File

@@ -1,294 +0,0 @@
```{sectnum}
---
start: 2
depth: 2
suffix: .
---
```
Data Format
===========
Input Data Format
-----------------
Instances are specified by JSON files containing the following main sections:
* Parameters
* Buses
* Generators
* Price-sensitive loads
* Transmission lines
* Reserves
* Contingencies
Each section is described in detail below. For a complete example, see [case14](https://github.com/ANL-CEEESA/UnitCommitment.jl/tree/dev/instances/matpower/case14).
### Parameters
This section describes system-wide parameters, such as power balance and reserve shortfall penalties, and optimization parameters, such as the length of the planning horizon and the time.
| Key | Description | Default | Time series?
| :----------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------ | :------: | :------------:
| `Time horizon (h)` | Length of the planning horizon (in hours). | Required | N
| `Time step (min)` | Length of each time step (in minutes). Must be a divisor of 60 (e.g. 60, 30, 20, 15, etc). | `60` | N
| `Power balance penalty ($/MW)` | Penalty for system-wide shortage or surplus in production (in $/MW). This is charged per time step. For example, if there is a shortage of 1 MW for three time steps, three times this amount will be charged. | `1000.0` | Y
| `Reserve shortfall penalty ($/MW)` | Penalty for system-wide shortage in meeting reserve requirements (in $/MW). This is charged per time step. Negative value implies reserve constraints must always be satisfied. | `-1` | Y
#### Example
```json
{
"Parameters": {
"Time horizon (h)": 4,
"Power balance penalty ($/MW)": 1000.0,
"Reserve shortfall penalty ($/MW)": -1.0
}
}
```
### Buses
This section describes the characteristics of each bus in the system.
| Key | Description | Default | Time series?
| :----------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------ | ------- | :-------------:
| `Load (MW)` | Fixed load connected to the bus (in MW). | Required | Y
#### Example
```json
{
"Buses": {
"b1": {
"Load (MW)": 0.0
},
"b2": {
"Load (MW)": [
26.01527,
24.46212,
23.29725,
22.90897
]
}
}
}
```
### Generators
This section describes all generators in the system, including thermal units, renewable units and virtual units.
| Key | Description | Default | Time series?
| :------------------------ | :------------------------------------------------| ------- | :-----------:
| `Bus` | Identifier of the bus where this generator is located (string). | Required | N
| `Production cost curve (MW)` and `Production cost curve ($)` | Parameters describing the piecewise-linear production costs. See below for more details. | Required | Y
| `Startup costs ($)` and `Startup delays (h)` | Parameters describing how much it costs to start the generator after it has been shut down for a certain amount of time. If `Startup costs ($)` and `Startup delays (h)` are set to `[300.0, 400.0]` and `[1, 4]`, for example, and the generator is shut down at time `00:00` (h:min), then it costs \$300 to start up the generator at any time between `01:00` and `03:59`, and \$400 to start the generator at time `04:00` or any time after that. The number of startup cost points is unlimited, and may be different for each generator. Startup delays must be strictly increasing and the first entry must equal `Minimum downtime (h)`. | `[0.0]` and `[1]` | N
| `Minimum uptime (h)` | Minimum amount of time the generator must stay operational after starting up (in hours). For example, if the generator starts up at time `00:00` (h:min) and `Minimum uptime (h)` is set to 4, then the generator can only shut down at time `04:00`. | `1` | N
| `Minimum downtime (h)` | Minimum amount of time the generator must stay offline after shutting down (in hours). For example, if the generator shuts down at time `00:00` (h:min) and `Minimum downtime (h)` is set to 4, then the generator can only start producing power again at time `04:00`. | `1` | N
| `Ramp up limit (MW)` | Maximum increase in production from one time step to the next (in MW). For example, if the generator is producing 100 MW at time step 1 and if this parameter is set to 40 MW, then the generator will produce at most 140 MW at time step 2. | `+inf` | N
| `Ramp down limit (MW)` | Maximum decrease in production from one time step to the next (in MW). For example, if the generator is producing 100 MW at time step 1 and this parameter is set to 40 MW, then the generator will produce at least 60 MW at time step 2. | `+inf` | N
| `Startup limit (MW)` | Maximum amount of power a generator can produce immediately after starting up (in MW). For example, if `Startup limit (MW)` is set to 100 MW and the unit is off at time step 1, then it may produce at most 100 MW at time step 2.| `+inf` | N
| `Shutdown limit (MW)` | Maximum amount of power a generator can produce immediately before shutting down (in MW). Specifically, the generator can only shut down at time step `t+1` if its production at time step `t` is below this limit. | `+inf` | N
| `Initial status (h)` | If set to a positive number, indicates the amount of time (in hours) the generator has been on at the beginning of the simulation, and if set to a negative number, the amount of time the generator has been off. For example, if `Initial status (h)` is `-2`, this means that the generator was off since `-02:00` (h:min). The simulation starts at time `00:00`. If `Initial status (h)` is `3`, this means that the generator was on since `-03:00`. A value of zero is not acceptable. | Required | N
| `Initial power (MW)` | Amount of power the generator at time step `-1`, immediately before the planning horizon starts. | Required | N
| `Must run?` | If `true`, the generator should be committed, even if that is not economical (Boolean). | `false` | Y
| `Provides spinning reserves?` | If `true`, this generator may provide spinning reserves (Boolean). | `true` | Y
#### Production costs and limits
Production costs are represented as piecewise-linear curves. Figure 1 shows an example cost curve with three segments, where it costs \$1400, \$1600, \$2200 and \$2400 to generate, respectively, 100, 110, 130 and 135 MW of power. To model this generator, `Production cost curve (MW)` should be set to `[100, 110, 130, 135]`, and `Production cost curve ($)` should be set to `[1400, 1600, 2200, 2400]`.
Note that this curve also specifies the production limits. Specifically, the first point identifies the minimum power output when the unit is operational, while the last point identifies the maximum power output.
<center>
<img src="../_static/cost_curve.png" style="max-width: 500px"/>
<div><b>Figure 1.</b> Piecewise-linear production cost curve.</div>
<br/>
</center>
#### Additional remarks:
* For time-dependent production limits or time-dependent production costs, the usage of nested arrays is allowed. For example, if `Production cost curve (MW)` is set to `[5.0, [10.0, 12.0, 15.0, 20.0]]`, then the unit may generate at most 10, 12, 15 and 20 MW of power during time steps 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The minimum output for all time periods is fixed to at 5 MW.
* There is no limit to the number of piecewise-linear segments, and different generators may have a different number of segments.
* If `Production cost curve (MW)` and `Production cost curve ($)` both contain a single element, then the generator must produce exactly that amount of power when operational. To specify that the generator may produce any amount of power up to a certain limit `P`, the parameter `Production cost curve (MW)` should be set to `[0, P]`.
* Production cost curves must be convex.
#### Example
```json
{
"Generators": {
"gen1": {
"Bus": "b1",
"Production cost curve (MW)": [100.0, 110.0, 130.0, 135.0],
"Production cost curve ($)": [1400.0, 1600.0, 2200.0, 2400.0],
"Startup costs ($)": [300.0, 400.0],
"Startup delays (h)": [1, 4],
"Ramp up limit (MW)": 232.68,
"Ramp down limit (MW)": 232.68,
"Startup limit (MW)": 232.68,
"Shutdown limit (MW)": 232.68,
"Minimum downtime (h)": 4,
"Minimum uptime (h)": 4,
"Initial status (h)": 12,
"Must run?": false,
"Provides spinning reserves?": true,
},
"gen2": {
"Bus": "b5",
"Production cost curve (MW)": [0.0, [10.0, 8.0, 0.0, 3.0]],
"Production cost curve ($)": [0.0, 0.0],
"Provides spinning reserves?": true,
}
}
}
```
### Price-sensitive loads
This section describes components in the system which may increase or reduce their energy consumption according to the energy prices. Fixed loads (as described in the `buses` section) are always served, regardless of the price, unless there is significant congestion in the system or insufficient production capacity. Price-sensitive loads, on the other hand, are only served if it is economical to do so.
| Key | Description | Default | Time series?
| :---------------- | :------------------------------------------------ | :------: | :------------:
| `Bus` | Bus where the load is located. Multiple price-sensitive loads may be placed at the same bus. | Required | N
| `Revenue ($/MW)` | Revenue obtained for serving each MW of power to this load. | Required | Y
| `Demand (MW)` | Maximum amount of power required by this load. Any amount lower than this may be served. | Required | Y
#### Example
```json
{
"Price-sensitive loads": {
"p1": {
"Bus": "b3",
"Revenue ($/MW)": 23.0,
"Demand (MW)": 50.0
}
}
}
```
### Transmission Lines
This section describes the characteristics of transmission system, such as its topology and the susceptance of each transmission line.
| Key | Description | Default | Time series?
| :--------------------- | :----------------------------------------------- | ------- | :------------:
| `Source bus` | Identifier of the bus where the transmission line originates. | Required | N
| `Target bus` | Identifier of the bus where the transmission line reaches. | Required | N
| `Reactance (ohms)` | Reactance of the transmission line (in ohms). | Required | N
| `Susceptance (S)` | Susceptance of the transmission line (in siemens). | Required | N
| `Normal flow limit (MW)` | Maximum amount of power (in MW) allowed to flow through the line when the system is in its regular, fully-operational state. | `+inf` | Y
| `Emergency flow limit (MW)` | Maximum amount of power (in MW) allowed to flow through the line when the system is in degraded state (for example, after the failure of another transmission line). | `+inf` | Y
| `Flow limit penalty ($/MW)` | Penalty for violating the flow limits of the transmission line (in $/MW). This is charged per time step. For example, if there is a thermal violation of 1 MW for three time steps, then three times this amount will be charged. | `5000.0` | Y
#### Example
```json
{
"Transmission lines": {
"l1": {
"Source bus": "b1",
"Target bus": "b2",
"Reactance (ohms)": 0.05917,
"Susceptance (S)": 29.49686,
"Normal flow limit (MW)": 15000.0,
"Emergency flow limit (MW)": 20000.0,
"Flow limit penalty ($/MW)": 5000.0
}
}
}
```
### Reserves
This section describes the hourly amount of operating reserves required.
| Key | Description | Default | Time series?
| :-------------------- | :------------------------------------------------- | --------- | :----:
| `Spinning (MW)` | Minimum amount of system-wide spinning reserves (in MW). Only generators which are online may provide this reserve. | `0.0` | Y
#### Example
```json
{
"Reserves": {
"Spinning (MW)": [
57.30552,
53.88429,
51.31838,
50.46307
]
}
}
```
### Contingencies
This section describes credible contingency scenarios in the optimization, such as the loss of a transmission line or generator.
| Key | Description | Default
| :-------------------- | :----------------------------------------------- | ----------
| `Affected generators` | List of generators affected by this contingency. May be omitted if no generators are affected. | `[]`
| `Affected lines` | List of transmission lines affected by this contingency. May be omitted if no lines are affected. | `[]`
#### Example
```json
{
"Contingencies": {
"c1": {
"Affected lines": ["l1", "l2", "l3"],
"Affected generators": ["g1"]
},
"c2": {
"Affected lines": ["l4"]
},
}
}
```
### Additional remarks
#### Time series parameters
Many numerical properties in the JSON file can be specified either as a single floating point number if they are time-independent, or as an array containing exactly `T` elements, if they are time-dependent, where `T` is the number of time steps in the planning horizon. For example, both formats below are valid when `T=3`:
```json
{
"Load (MW)": 800.0,
"Load (MW)": [800.0, 850.0, 730.0]
}
```
The value `T` depends on both `Time horizon (h)` and `Time step (min)`, as the table below illustrates.
Time horizon (h) | Time step (min) | T
:---------------:|:---------------:|:----:
24 | 60 | 24
24 | 15 | 96
24 | 5 | 288
36 | 60 | 36
36 | 15 | 144
36 | 5 | 432
Output Data Format
------------------
The output data format is also JSON-based, but it is not currently documented since we expect it to change significantly in a future version of the package.
Current limitations
-------------------
* All reserves are system-wide. Zonal reserves are not currently supported.
* Network topology remains the same for all time periods
* Only N-1 transmission contingencies are supported. Generator contingencies are not currently supported.
* Time-varying minimum production amounts are not currently compatible with ramp/startup/shutdown limits.

18
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using Documenter, UnitCommitment, JuMP
function make()
makedocs(
sitename="UnitCommitment.jl",
pages=[
"Home" => "index.md",
"usage.md",
"format.md",
"instances.md",
"model.md",
"api.md",
],
format = Documenter.HTML(
assets=["assets/custom.css"],
)
)
end

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```{sectnum}
---
start: 4
depth: 2
suffix: .
---
```
JuMP Model
==========
In this page, we describe the JuMP optimization model produced by the function `UnitCommitment.build_model`. A detailed understanding of this model is not necessary if you are just interested in using the package to solve some standard unit commitment cases, but it may be useful, for example, if you need to solve a slightly different problem, with additional variables and constraints. The notation in this page generally follows [KnOsWa20].
Decision variables
------------------
### Generators
Name | Symbol | Description | Unit
-----|:--------:|-------------|:------:
`is_on[g,t]` | $u_{g}(t)$ | True if generator `g` is on at time `t`. | Binary
`switch_on[g,t]` | $v_{g}(t)$ | True is generator `g` switches on at time `t`. | Binary
`switch_off[g,t]` | $w_{g}(t)$ | True if generator `g` switches off at time `t`. | Binary
`prod_above[g,t]` |$p'_{g}(t)$ | Amount of power produced by generator `g` above its minimum power output at time `t`. For example, if the minimum power of generator `g` is 100 MW and `g` is producing 115 MW of power at time `t`, then `prod_above[g,t]` equals `15.0`. | MW
`segprod[g,t,k]` | $p^k_g(t)$ | Amount of power from piecewise linear segment `k` produced by generator `g` at time `t`. For example, if cost curve for generator `g` is defined by the points `(100, 1400)`, `(110, 1600)`, `(130, 2200)` and `(135, 2400)`, and if the generator is producing 115 MW of power at time `t`, then `segprod[g,t,:]` equals `[10.0, 5.0, 0.0]`.| MW
`reserve[g,t]` | $r_g(t)$ | Amount of reserves provided by generator `g` at time `t`. | MW
`startup[g,t,s]` | $\delta^s_g(t)$ | True if generator `g` switches on at time `t` incurring start-up costs from start-up category `s`. | Binary
### Buses
Name | Symbol | Description | Unit
-----|:------:|-------------|:------:
`net_injection[b,t]` | $n_b(t)$ | Net injection at bus `b` at time `t`. | MW
`curtail[b,t]` | $s^+_b(t)$ | Amount of load curtailed at bus `b` at time `t` | MW
### Price-sensitive loads
Name | Symbol | Description | Unit
-----|:------:|-------------|:------:
`loads[s,t]` | $d_{s}(t)$ | Amount of power served to price-sensitive load `s` at time `t`. | MW
### Transmission lines
Name | Symbol | Description | Unit
-----|:------:|-------------|:------:
`flow[l,t]` | $f_l(t)$ | Power flow on line `l` at time `t`. | MW
`overflow[l,t]` | $f^+_l(t)$ | Amount of flow above the limit for line `l` at time `t`. | MW
```{warning}
Since transmission and N-1 security constraints are enforced in a lazy way, most of the `flow[l,t]` variables are never added to the model. Accessing `model[:flow][l,t]` without first checking that the variable exists will likely generate an error.
```
Objective function
------------------
$$
\begin{align}
\text{minimize} \;\; &
\sum_{t \in \mathcal{T}}
\sum_{g \in \mathcal{G}}
C^\text{min}_g(t) u_g(t) \\
&
+ \sum_{t \in \mathcal{T}}
\sum_{g \in \mathcal{G}}
\sum_{g \in \mathcal{K}_g}
C^k_g(t) p^k_g(t) \\
&
+ \sum_{t \in \mathcal{T}}
\sum_{g \in \mathcal{G}}
\sum_{s \in \mathcal{S}_g}
C^s_{g}(t) \delta^s_g(t) \\
&
+ \sum_{t \in \mathcal{T}}
\sum_{l \in \mathcal{L}}
C^\text{overflow}_{l}(t) f^+_l(t) \\
&
+ \sum_{t \in \mathcal{T}}
\sum_{b \in \mathcal{B}}
C^\text{curtail}(t) s^+_b(t) \\
&
- \sum_{t \in \mathcal{T}}
\sum_{s \in \mathcal{PS}}
R_{s}(t) d_{s}(t) \\
\end{align}
$$
where
- $\mathcal{B}$ is the set of buses
- $\mathcal{G}$ is the set of generators
- $\mathcal{L}$ is the set of transmission lines
- $\mathcal{PS}$ is the set of price-sensitive loads
- $\mathcal{S}_g$ is the set of start-up categories for generator $g$
- $\mathcal{T}$ is the set of time steps
- $C^\text{curtail}(t)$ is the curtailment penalty (in \$/MW)
- $C^\text{min}_g(t)$ is the cost of keeping generator $g$ on and producing at minimum power during time $t$ (in \$)
- $C^\text{overflow}_{l}(t)$ is the flow limit penalty for line $l$ at time $t$ (in \$/MW)
- $C^k_g(t)$ is the cost for generator $g$ to produce 1 MW of power at time $t$ under piecewise linear segment $k$
- $C^s_{g}(t)$ is the cost of starting up generator $g$ at time $t$ under start-up category $s$ (in \$)
- $R_{s}(t)$ is the revenue obtained from serving price-sensitive load $s$ at time $t$ (in \$/MW)
Constraints
-----------
TODO
Inspecting and modifying the model
----------------------------------
### Accessing decision variables
After building a model using `UnitCommitment.build_model`, it is possible to obtain a reference to the decision variables by calling `model[:varname][index]`. For example, `model[:is_on]["g1",1]` returns a direct reference to the JuMP variable indicating whether generator named "g1" is on at time 1. The script below illustrates how to build a model, solve it and display the solution without using the function `UnitCommitment.solution`.
```julia
using Cbc
using Printf
using JuMP
using UnitCommitment
# Load benchmark instance
instance = UnitCommitment.read_benchmark("matpower/case118/2017-02-01")
# Build JuMP model
model = UnitCommitment.build_model(
instance=instance,
optimizer=Cbc.Optimizer,
)
# Solve the model
UnitCommitment.optimize!(model)
# Display commitment status
for g in instance.units
for t in 1:instance.time
@printf(
"%-10s %5d %5.1f %5.1f %5.1f\n",
g.name,
t,
value(model[:is_on][g.name, t]),
value(model[:switch_on][g.name, t]),
value(model[:switch_off][g.name, t]),
)
end
end
```
### Fixing variables, modifying objective function and adding constraints
Since we now have a direct reference to the JuMP decision variables, it is possible to fix variables, change the coefficients in the objective function, or even add new constraints to the model before solving it. The script below shows how can this be accomplished. For more information on modifying an existing model, [see the JuMP documentation](https://jump.dev/JuMP.jl/stable/manual/variables/).
```julia
using Cbc
using JuMP
using UnitCommitment
# Load benchmark instance
instance = UnitCommitment.read_benchmark("matpower/case118/2017-02-01")
# Construct JuMP model
model = UnitCommitment.build_model(
instance=instance,
optimizer=Cbc.Optimizer,
)
# Fix a decision variable to 1.0
JuMP.fix(
model[:is_on]["g1",1],
1.0,
force=true,
)
# Change the objective function
JuMP.set_objective_coefficient(
model,
model[:switch_on]["g2",1],
1000.0,
)
# Create a new constraint
@constraint(
model,
model[:is_on]["g3",1] + model[:is_on]["g4",1] <= 1,
)
# Solve the model
UnitCommitment.optimize!(model)
```
### Adding new component to a bus
The following snippet shows how to add a new grid component to a particular bus. For each time step, we create decision variables for the new grid component, add these variables to the objective function, then attach the component to a particular bus by modifying some existing model constraints.
```julia
using Cbc
using JuMP
using UnitCommitment
# Load instance and build base model
instance = UnitCommitment.read_benchmark("matpower/case118/2017-02-01")
model = UnitCommitment.build_model(
instance=instance,
optimizer=Cbc.Optimizer,
)
# Get the number of time steps in the original instance
T = instance.time
# Create decision variables for the new grid component.
# In this example, we assume that the new component can
# inject up to 10 MW of power at each time step, so we
# create new continuous variables 0 ≤ x[t] ≤ 10.
@variable(model, x[1:T], lower_bound=0.0, upper_bound=10.0)
# For each time step
for t in 1:T
# Add production costs to the objective function.
# In this example, we assume a cost of $5/MW.
set_objective_coefficient(model, x[t], 5.0)
# Attach the new component to bus b1, by modifying the
# constraint `eq_net_injection`.
set_normalized_coefficient(
model[:eq_net_injection]["b1", t],
x[t],
1.0,
)
end
# Solve the model
UnitCommitment.optimize!(model)
# Show optimal values for the x variables
@show value.(x)
```
References
----------
* [KnOsWa20] **Bernard Knueven, James Ostrowski and Jean-Paul Watson.** "On Mixed-Integer Programming Formulations for the Unit Commitment Problem". INFORMS Journal on Computing (2020). [DOI: 10.1287/ijoc.2019.0944](https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2019.0944)

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# API Reference
## Read data, build model & optimize
```@docs
UnitCommitment.read
UnitCommitment.read_benchmark
UnitCommitment.build_model
UnitCommitment.optimize!
UnitCommitment.solution
UnitCommitment.validate
UnitCommitment.write
```
## Locational Marginal Prices
### Conventional LMPs
```@docs
UnitCommitment.compute_lmp(::JuMP.Model,::UnitCommitment.ConventionalLMP)
```
### Approximated Extended LMPs
```@docs
UnitCommitment.AELMP
UnitCommitment.compute_lmp(::JuMP.Model,::UnitCommitment.AELMP)
```
## Modify instance
```@docs
UnitCommitment.slice
UnitCommitment.randomize!(::UnitCommitment.UnitCommitmentInstance)
UnitCommitment.generate_initial_conditions!
```
## Formulations
```@docs
UnitCommitment.Formulation
UnitCommitment.ShiftFactorsFormulation
UnitCommitment.ArrCon2000
UnitCommitment.CarArr2006
UnitCommitment.DamKucRajAta2016
UnitCommitment.Gar1962
UnitCommitment.KnuOstWat2018
UnitCommitment.MorLatRam2013
UnitCommitment.PanGua2016
UnitCommitment.WanHob2016
```
## Solution Methods
```@docs
UnitCommitment.XavQiuWanThi2019.Method
```
## Randomization Methods
```@docs
UnitCommitment.XavQiuAhm2021.Randomization
```

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@media screen and (min-width: 1056px) {
#documenter .docs-main {
max-width: 65rem !important;
}
}
tbody, thead, pre {
border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
}
table td, th {
padding: 8px;
}
table p {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
table td code {
white-space: nowrap;
}
table tr,
table th {
border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}
table tr:last-child {
border-bottom: 0;
}
code {
background-color: transparent;
color: rgb(232, 62, 140);
}

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Data Format
===========
Input Data Format
-----------------
An instance of the stochastic security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) problem is composed multiple scenarios. Each scenario should be described in an individual JSON file containing the main section belows. For deterministic instances, a single scenario file, following the same format below, may also be provided. Fields that are allowed to differ among scenarios are marked as "uncertain". Fields that are allowed to be time-dependent are marked as "time series".
* [Parameters](#Parameters)
* [Buses](#Buses)
* [Generators](#Generators)
* [Storage units](#Storage-units)
* [Price-sensitive loads](#Price-sensitive-loads)
* [Transmission lines](#Transmission-lines)
* [Reserves](#Reserves)
* [Contingencies](#Contingencies)
Each section is described in detail below. See [case118/2017-01-01.json.gz](https://axavier.org/UnitCommitment.jl/0.3/instances/matpower/case118/2017-01-01.json.gz) for a complete example.
### Parameters
This section describes system-wide parameters, such as power balance penalty, and optimization parameters, such as the length of the planning horizon and the time.
| Key | Description | Default | Time series? | Uncertain?
| :----------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------ | :------: | :------------:| :----------:
| `Version` | Version of UnitCommitment.jl this file was written for. Required to ensure that the file remains readable in future versions of the package. If you are following this page to construct the file, this field should equal `0.4`. | Required | No | No
| `Time horizon (min)` or `Time horizon (h)` | Length of the planning horizon (in minutes or hours). Either `Time horizon (min)` or `Time horizon (h)` is required, but not both. | Required | No | No
| `Time step (min)` | Length of each time step (in minutes). Must be a divisor of 60 (e.g. 60, 30, 20, 15, etc). | `60` | No | No
| `Power balance penalty ($/MW)` | Penalty for system-wide shortage or surplus in production (in $/MW). This is charged per time step. For example, if there is a shortage of 1 MW for three time steps, three times this amount will be charged. | `1000.0` | No | Yes
| `Scenario name` | Name of the scenario. | `"s1"` | No | ---
| `Scenario weight` | Weight of the scenario. The scenario weight can be any positive real number, that is, it does not have to be between zero and one. The package normalizes the weights to ensure that the probability of all scenarios sum up to one. | 1.0 | No | ---
#### Example
```json
{
"Parameters": {
"Version": "0.3",
"Time horizon (h)": 4,
"Power balance penalty ($/MW)": 1000.0,
"Scenario name": "s1",
"Scenario weight": 0.5
}
}
```
### Buses
This section describes the characteristics of each bus in the system.
| Key | Description | Default | Time series? | Uncertain?
| :----------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------ | ------- | :-----------: | :---:
| `Load (MW)` | Fixed load connected to the bus (in MW). | Required | Yes | Yes
#### Example
```json
{
"Buses": {
"b1": {
"Load (MW)": 0.0
},
"b2": {
"Load (MW)": [
26.01527,
24.46212,
23.29725,
22.90897
]
}
}
}
```
### Generators
This section describes all generators in the system. Two types of units can be specified:
- **Thermal units:** Units that produce power by converting heat into electrical energy, such as coal and oil power plants. These units use a more complex model, with binary decision variables, and various constraints to enforce ramp rates and minimum up/down time.
- **Profiled units:** Simplified model for units that do not require the constraints mentioned above, only a maximum and minimum power output for each time period. Typically used for renewables and hydro.
#### Thermal Units
| Key | Description | Default | Time series? | Uncertain?
| :------------------------ | :------------------------------------------------| ------- | :-----------: | :---:
| `Bus` | Identifier of the bus where this generator is located (string). | Required | No | Yes
| `Type` | Type of the generator (string). For thermal generators, this must be `Thermal`. | Required | No | No
| `Production cost curve (MW)` and `Production cost curve ($)` | Parameters describing the piecewise-linear production costs. See below for more details. | Required | Yes | Yes
| `Startup costs ($)` and `Startup delays (h)` | Parameters describing how much it costs to start the generator after it has been shut down for a certain amount of time. If `Startup costs ($)` and `Startup delays (h)` are set to `[300.0, 400.0]` and `[1, 4]`, for example, and the generator is shut down at time `00:00` (h:min), then it costs \$300 to start up the generator at any time between `01:00` and `03:59`, and \$400 to start the generator at time `04:00` or any time after that. The number of startup cost points is unlimited, and may be different for each generator. Startup delays must be strictly increasing and the first entry must equal `Minimum downtime (h)`. | `[0.0]` and `[1]` | No | Yes
| `Minimum uptime (h)` | Minimum amount of time the generator must stay operational after starting up (in hours). For example, if the generator starts up at time `00:00` (h:min) and `Minimum uptime (h)` is set to 4, then the generator can only shut down at time `04:00`. | `1` | No | Yes
| `Minimum downtime (h)` | Minimum amount of time the generator must stay offline after shutting down (in hours). For example, if the generator shuts down at time `00:00` (h:min) and `Minimum downtime (h)` is set to 4, then the generator can only start producing power again at time `04:00`. | `1` | No | Yes
| `Ramp up limit (MW)` | Maximum increase in production from one time step to the next (in MW). For example, if the generator is producing 100 MW at time step 1 and if this parameter is set to 40 MW, then the generator will produce at most 140 MW at time step 2. | `+inf` | No | Yes
| `Ramp down limit (MW)` | Maximum decrease in production from one time step to the next (in MW). For example, if the generator is producing 100 MW at time step 1 and this parameter is set to 40 MW, then the generator will produce at least 60 MW at time step 2. | `+inf` | No | Yes
| `Startup limit (MW)` | Maximum amount of power a generator can produce immediately after starting up (in MW). For example, if `Startup limit (MW)` is set to 100 MW and the unit is off at time step 1, then it may produce at most 100 MW at time step 2.| `+inf` | No | Yes
| `Shutdown limit (MW)` | Maximum amount of power a generator can produce immediately before shutting down (in MW). Specifically, the generator can only shut down at time step `t+1` if its production at time step `t` is below this limit. | `+inf` | No | Yes
| `Initial status (h)` | If set to a positive number, indicates the amount of time (in hours) the generator has been on at the beginning of the simulation, and if set to a negative number, the amount of time the generator has been off. For example, if `Initial status (h)` is `-2`, this means that the generator was off since `-02:00` (h:min). The simulation starts at time `00:00`. If `Initial status (h)` is `3`, this means that the generator was on since `-03:00`. A value of zero is not acceptable. | Required | No | No
| `Initial power (MW)` | Amount of power the generator at time step `-1`, immediately before the planning horizon starts. | Required | No | No
| `Must run?` | If `true`, the generator should be committed, even if that is not economical (Boolean). | `false` | Yes | Yes
| `Reserve eligibility` | List of reserve products this generator is eligibe to provide. By default, the generator is not eligible to provide any reserves. | `[]` | No | Yes
| `Commitment status` | List of commitment status over the time horizon. At time `t`, if `true`, the generator must be commited at that time period; if `false`, the generator must not be commited at that time period. If `null` at time `t`, the generator's commitment status is then decided by the model. By default, the status is a list of `null` values. | `null` | Yes | Yes
#### Profiled Units
| Key | Description | Default | Time series? | Uncertain?
| :---------------- | :------------------------------------------------ | :------: | :------------: | :---:
| `Bus` | Identifier of the bus where this generator is located (string). | Required | No | Yes
| `Type` | Type of the generator (string). For profiled generators, this must be `Profiled`. | Required | No | No
| `Cost ($/MW)` | Cost incurred for serving each MW of power by this generator. | Required | Yes | Yes
| `Minimum power (MW)` | Minimum amount of power this generator may supply. | `0.0` | Yes | Yes
| `Maximum power (MW)` | Maximum amount of power this generator may supply. | Required | Yes | Yes
#### Production costs and limits
Production costs are represented as piecewise-linear curves. Figure 1 shows an example cost curve with three segments, where it costs \$1400, \$1600, \$2200 and \$2400 to generate, respectively, 100, 110, 130 and 135 MW of power. To model this generator, `Production cost curve (MW)` should be set to `[100, 110, 130, 135]`, and `Production cost curve ($)` should be set to `[1400, 1600, 2200, 2400]`.
Note that this curve also specifies the production limits. Specifically, the first point identifies the minimum power output when the unit is operational, while the last point identifies the maximum power output.
```@raw html
<center>
<img src="../assets/cost_curve.png" style="max-width: 500px"/>
<div><b>Figure 1.</b> Piecewise-linear production cost curve.</div>
<br/>
</center>
```
#### Additional remarks:
* For time-dependent production limits or time-dependent production costs, the usage of nested arrays is allowed. For example, if `Production cost curve (MW)` is set to `[5.0, [10.0, 12.0, 15.0, 20.0]]`, then the unit may generate at most 10, 12, 15 and 20 MW of power during time steps 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The minimum output for all time periods is fixed to at 5 MW.
* There is no limit to the number of piecewise-linear segments, and different generators may have a different number of segments.
* If `Production cost curve (MW)` and `Production cost curve ($)` both contain a single element, then the generator must produce exactly that amount of power when operational. To specify that the generator may produce any amount of power up to a certain limit `P`, the parameter `Production cost curve (MW)` should be set to `[0, P]`.
* Production cost curves must be convex.
#### Example
```json
{
"Generators": {
"gen1": {
"Bus": "b1",
"Type": "Thermal",
"Production cost curve (MW)": [100.0, 110.0, 130.0, 135.0],
"Production cost curve ($)": [1400.0, 1600.0, 2200.0, 2400.0],
"Startup costs ($)": [300.0, 400.0],
"Startup delays (h)": [1, 4],
"Ramp up limit (MW)": 232.68,
"Ramp down limit (MW)": 232.68,
"Startup limit (MW)": 232.68,
"Shutdown limit (MW)": 232.68,
"Minimum downtime (h)": 4,
"Minimum uptime (h)": 4,
"Initial status (h)": 12,
"Initial power (MW)": 115,
"Must run?": false,
"Reserve eligibility": ["r1"]
},
"gen2": {
"Bus": "b5",
"Type": "Thermal",
"Production cost curve (MW)": [0.0, [10.0, 8.0, 0.0, 3.0]],
"Production cost curve ($)": [0.0, 0.0],
"Initial status (h)": -100,
"Initial power (MW)": 0,
"Reserve eligibility": ["r1", "r2"],
"Commitment status": [true, false, null, true]
},
"gen3": {
"Bus": "b6",
"Type": "Profiled",
"Minimum power (MW)": 10.0,
"Maximum power (MW)": 120.0,
"Cost ($/MW)": 100.0
}
}
}
```
### Storage units
This section describes energy storage units in the system which charge and discharge power. The storage units consume power while charging, and generate power while discharging.
| Key | Description | Default | Time series? | Uncertain?
| :---------------- | :------------------------------------------------ | :------: | :------------: | :----:
| `Bus` | Bus where the storage unit is located. Multiple storage units may be placed at the same bus. | Required | No | Yes
| `Minimum level (MWh)` | Minimum of energy level this storage unit may contain. | `0.0` | Yes | Yes
| `Maximum level (MWh)` | Maximum of energy level this storage unit may contain. | Required | Yes | Yes
| `Allow simultaneous charging and discharging` | If `false`, the storage unit is not allowed to charge and discharge at the same time (Boolean). | `true` | Yes | Yes
| `Charge cost ($/MW)` | Cost incurred for charging each MW of power into this storage unit. | Required | Yes | Yes
| `Discharge cost ($/MW)` | Cost incurred for discharging each MW of power from this storage unit. | Required | Yes | Yes
| `Charge efficiency` | Efficiency rate to charge power into this storage unit. This value must be greater than or equal to `0.0`, and less than or equal to `1.0`. | `1.0` | Yes | Yes
| `Discharge efficiency` | Efficiency rate to discharge power from this storage unit. This value must be greater than or equal to `0.0`, and less than or equal to `1.0`. | `1.0` | Yes | Yes
| `Loss factor` | The energy dissipation rate of this storage unit. This value must be greater than or equal to `0.0`, and less than or equal to `1.0`. | `0.0` | Yes | Yes
| `Minimum charge rate (MW)` | Minimum amount of power rate this storage unit may charge. | `0.0` | Yes | Yes
| `Maximum charge rate (MW)` | Maximum amount of power rate this storage unit may charge. | Required | Yes | Yes
| `Minimum discharge rate (MW)` | Minimum amount of power rate this storage unit may discharge. | `0.0` | Yes | Yes
| `Maximum discharge rate (MW)` | Maximum amount of power rate this storage unit may discharge. | Required | Yes | Yes
| `Initial level (MWh)` | Amount of energy this storage unit at time step `-1`, immediately before the planning horizon starts. | `0.0` | No | Yes
| `Last period minimum level (MWh)` | Minimum of energy level this storage unit may contain in the last time step. By default, this value is the same as the last value of `Minimum level (MWh)`. | `Minimum level (MWh)` | No | Yes
| `Last period maximum level (MWh)` | Maximum of energy level this storage unit may contain in the last time step. By default, this value is the same as the last value of `Maximum level (MWh)`. | `Maximum level (MWh)` | No | Yes
#### Example
```json
{
"Storage units": {
"su1": {
"Bus": "b2",
"Maximum level (MWh)": 100.0,
"Charge cost ($/MW)": 2.0,
"Discharge cost ($/MW)": 2.5,
"Maximum charge rate (MW)": 10.0,
"Maximum discharge rate (MW)": 8.0
},
"su2": {
"Bus": "b2",
"Minimum level (MWh)": 10.0,
"Maximum level (MWh)": 100.0,
"Allow simultaneous charging and discharging": false,
"Charge cost ($/MW)": 3.0,
"Discharge cost ($/MW)": 3.5,
"Charge efficiency": 0.8,
"Discharge efficiency": 0.85,
"Loss factor": 0.01,
"Minimum charge rate (MW)": 5.0,
"Maximum charge rate (MW)": 10.0,
"Minimum discharge rate (MW)": 2.0,
"Maximum discharge rate (MW)": 10.0,
"Initial level (MWh)": 70.0,
"Last period minimum level (MWh)": 80.0,
"Last period maximum level (MWh)": 85.0
},
"su3": {
"Bus": "b9",
"Minimum level (MWh)": [10.0, 11.0, 12.0, 13.0],
"Maximum level (MWh)": [100.0, 110.0, 120.0, 130.0],
"Allow simultaneous charging and discharging": [false, false, true, true],
"Charge cost ($/MW)": [2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3],
"Discharge cost ($/MW)": [1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3],
"Charge efficiency": [0.8, 0.81, 0.82, 0.82],
"Discharge efficiency": [0.85, 0.86, 0.87, 0.88],
"Loss factor": [0.01, 0.01, 0.02, 0.02],
"Minimum charge rate (MW)": [5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3],
"Maximum charge rate (MW)": [10.0, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3],
"Minimum discharge rate (MW)": [4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3],
"Maximum discharge rate (MW)": [8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3],
"Initial level (MWh)": 20.0,
"Last period minimum level (MWh)": 21.0,
"Last period maximum level (MWh)": 22.0
}
}
}
```
### Price-sensitive loads
This section describes components in the system which may increase or reduce their energy consumption according to the energy prices. Fixed loads (as described in the `buses` section) are always served, regardless of the price, unless there is significant congestion in the system or insufficient production capacity. Price-sensitive loads, on the other hand, are only served if it is economical to do so.
| Key | Description | Default | Time series? | Uncertain?
| :---------------- | :------------------------------------------------ | :------: | :------------: | :----:
| `Bus` | Bus where the load is located. Multiple price-sensitive loads may be placed at the same bus. | Required | No | Yes
| `Revenue ($/MW)` | Revenue obtained for serving each MW of power to this load. | Required | Yes | Yes
| `Demand (MW)` | Maximum amount of power required by this load. Any amount lower than this may be served. | Required | Yes | Yes
#### Example
```json
{
"Price-sensitive loads": {
"p1": {
"Bus": "b3",
"Revenue ($/MW)": 23.0,
"Demand (MW)": 50.0
}
}
}
```
### Transmission lines
This section describes the characteristics of transmission system, such as its topology and the susceptance of each transmission line.
| Key | Description | Default | Time series? | Uncertain?
| :--------------------- | :----------------------------------------------- | ------- | :------------: | :---:
| `Source bus` | Identifier of the bus where the transmission line originates. | Required | No | Yes
| `Target bus` | Identifier of the bus where the transmission line reaches. | Required | No | Yes
| `Susceptance (S)` | Susceptance of the transmission line (in siemens). | Required | No | Yes
| `Normal flow limit (MW)` | Maximum amount of power (in MW) allowed to flow through the line when the system is in its regular, fully-operational state. | `+inf` | Yes | Yes
| `Emergency flow limit (MW)` | Maximum amount of power (in MW) allowed to flow through the line when the system is in degraded state (for example, after the failure of another transmission line). | `+inf` | Y | Yes
| `Flow limit penalty ($/MW)` | Penalty for violating the flow limits of the transmission line (in $/MW). This is charged per time step. For example, if there is a thermal violation of 1 MW for three time steps, then three times this amount will be charged. | `5000.0` | Yes | Yes
#### Example
```json
{
"Transmission lines": {
"l1": {
"Source bus": "b1",
"Target bus": "b2",
"Susceptance (S)": 29.49686,
"Normal flow limit (MW)": 15000.0,
"Emergency flow limit (MW)": 20000.0,
"Flow limit penalty ($/MW)": 5000.0
}
}
}
```
### Reserves
This section describes the hourly amount of reserves required.
| Key | Description | Default | Time series? | Uncertain?
| :-------------------- | :------------------------------------------------- | --------- | :----: | :---:
| `Type` | Type of reserve product. Must be either "spinning" or "flexiramp". | Required | No | No
| `Amount (MW)` | Amount of reserves required. | Required | Yes | Yes
| `Shortfall penalty ($/MW)` | Penalty for shortage in meeting the reserve requirements (in $/MW). This is charged per time step. Negative value implies reserve constraints must always be satisfied. | `-1` | Yes | Yes
#### Example 1
```json
{
"Reserves": {
"r1": {
"Type": "spinning",
"Amount (MW)": [
57.30552,
53.88429,
51.31838,
50.46307
],
"Shortfall penalty ($/MW)": 5.0
},
"r2": {
"Type": "flexiramp",
"Amount (MW)": [
20.31042,
23.65273,
27.41784,
25.34057
],
}
}
}
```
### Contingencies
This section describes credible contingency scenarios in the optimization, such as the loss of a transmission line or generator.
| Key | Description | Default | Uncertain?
| :-------------------- | :----------------------------------------------- | :--------: | :---:
| `Affected generators` | List of generators affected by this contingency. May be omitted if no generators are affected. | `[]` | Yes
| `Affected lines` | List of transmission lines affected by this contingency. May be omitted if no lines are affected. | `[]` | Yes
#### Example
```json
{
"Contingencies": {
"c1": {
"Affected lines": ["l1", "l2", "l3"],
"Affected generators": ["g1"]
},
"c2": {
"Affected lines": ["l4"]
},
}
}
```
### Additional remarks
#### Time series parameters
Many numerical properties in the JSON file can be specified either as a single floating point number if they are time-independent, or as an array containing exactly `T` elements, if they are time-dependent, where `T` is the number of time steps in the planning horizon. For example, both formats below are valid when `T=3`:
```json
{
"Load (MW)": 800.0,
"Load (MW)": [800.0, 850.0, 730.0]
}
```
The value `T` depends on both `Time horizon (h)` and `Time step (min)`, as the table below illustrates.
Time horizon (h) | Time step (min) | T
:---------------:|:---------------:|:----:
24 | 60 | 24
24 | 15 | 96
24 | 5 | 288
36 | 60 | 36
36 | 15 | 144
36 | 5 | 432
Output Data Format
------------------
The output data format is also JSON-based, but it is not currently documented since we expect it to change significantly in a future version of the package.
Current limitations
-------------------
* Network topology must remain the same for all time periods.
* Only N-1 transmission contingencies are supported. Generator contingencies are not currently supported.
* Time-varying minimum production amounts are not currently compatible with ramp/startup/shutdown limits.
* Flexible ramping products can only be acquired under the `WanHob2016` formulation, which does not support spinning reserves.
* The set of generators must be the same in all scenarios.

View File

@@ -1,29 +1,29 @@
# UnitCommitment.jl
**UnitCommitment.jl** (UC.jl) is a Julia/JuMP optimization package for the Security-Constrained Unit Commitment Problem (SCUC), a fundamental optimization problem in power systems used, for example, to clear the day-ahead electricity markets. The package provides benchmark instances for the problem and Julia/JuMP implementations of state-of-the-art mixed-integer programming formulations.
**UnitCommitment.jl** (UC.jl) is an optimization package for the Security-Constrained Unit Commitment Problem (SCUC), a fundamental optimization problem in power systems used, for example, to clear the day-ahead electricity markets. Both deterministic and two-stage stochastic versions of the problem are supported. The package provides benchmark instances for the problem, a flexible and well-documented data format for the problem, as well as Julia/JuMP implementations of state-of-the-art mixed-integer programming formulations and solution methods.
## Package Components
* **Data Format:** The package proposes an extensible and fully-documented JSON-based data specification format for SCUC, developed in collaboration with Independent System Operators (ISOs), which describes the most important aspects of the problem. The format supports all the most common generator characteristics (including ramping, piecewise-linear production cost curves and time-dependent startup costs), as well as operating reserves, price-sensitive loads, transmission networks and contingencies.
* **Data Format:** The package proposes an extensible and fully-documented JSON-based data specification format for SCUC, developed in collaboration with Independent System Operators (ISOs), which describes the most important aspects of the problem. The format supports all the most common thermal generator characteristics (including ramping, piecewise-linear production cost curves and time-dependent startup costs), as well as profiled generators, reserves, price-sensitive loads, battery storage, transmission, and contingencies.
* **Benchmark Instances:** The package provides a diverse collection of large-scale benchmark instances collected from the literature, converted into a common data format, and extended using data-driven methods to make them more challenging and realistic.
* **Model Implementation**: The package provides a Julia/JuMP implementations of state-of-the-art formulations and solution methods for SCUC, including multiple ramping formulations ([ArrCon2000][ArrCon2000], [MorLatRam2013][MorLatRam2013], [DamKucRajAta2016][DamKucRajAta2016], [PanGua2016][PanGua2016]), multiple piecewise-linear costs formulations ([Gar1962][Gar1962], [CarArr2006][CarArr2006], [KnuOstWat2018][KnuOstWat2018]) and contingency screening methods ([XavQiuWanThi2019][XavQiuWanThi2019]). Our goal is to keep these implementations up-to-date as new methods are proposed in the literature.
* **Model Implementation**: The package provides a Julia/JuMP implementations of state-of-the-art formulations and solution methods for the deterministic and stochastic SCUC, including multiple ramping formulations ([ArrCon2000](https://doi.org/10.1109/59.871739), [MorLatRam2013](https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2251373), [DamKucRajAta2016](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10107-015-0919-9), [PanGua2016](https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2016.1520)), piecewise-linear costs formulations ([Gar1962](https://doi.org/10.1109/AIEEPAS.1962.4501405), [CarArr2006](https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2006.876672), [KnuOstWat2018](https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2783850)), contingency screening methods ([XavQiuWanThi2019](https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2892620)) and decomposition methods. Our goal is to keep these implementations up-to-date as new methods are proposed in the literature.
* **Benchmark Tools:** The package provides automated benchmark scripts to accurately evaluate the performance impact of proposed code changes.
[ArrCon2000]: https://doi.org/10.1109/59.871739
[CarArr2006]: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2006.876672
[DamKucRajAta2016]: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10107-015-0919-9
[Gar1962]: https://doi.org/10.1109/AIEEPAS.1962.4501405
[KnuOstWat2018]: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2783850
[MorLatRam2013]: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2251373
[PanGua2016]: https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2016.1520
[XavQiuWanThi2019]: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2892620
## Table of Contents
### Authors
```@contents
Pages = ["usage.md", "format.md", "instances.md", "model.md", "api.md"]
Depth = 3
```
## Authors
* **Alinson S. Xavier** (Argonne National Laboratory)
* **Aleksandr M. Kazachkov** (University of Florida)
* **Ogün Yurdakul** (Technische Universität Berlin)
* **Jun He** (Purdue University)
* **Feng Qiu** (Argonne National Laboratory)
### Acknowledgments
## Acknowledgments
* We would like to thank **Yonghong Chen** (Midcontinent Independent System Operator), **Feng Pan** (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) for valuable feedback on early versions of this package.
@@ -31,19 +31,19 @@
* Based upon work supported by the **U.S. Department of Energy Advanced Grid Modeling Program** under Grant DE-OE0000875.
### Citing
## Citing
If you use UnitCommitment.jl in your research (instances, models or algorithms), we kindly request that you cite the package as follows:
* **Alinson S. Xavier, Aleksandr M. Kazachkov, Feng Qiu**, "UnitCommitment.jl: A Julia/JuMP Optimization Package for Security-Constrained Unit Commitment". Zenodo (2020). [DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4269874](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4269874).
* **Alinson S. Xavier, Aleksandr M. Kazachkov, Ogün Yurdakul, Jun He, Feng Qiu**, "UnitCommitment.jl: A Julia/JuMP Optimization Package for Security-Constrained Unit Commitment (Version 0.4)". Zenodo (2023). [DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4269874](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4269874).
If you use the instances, we additionally request that you cite the original sources, as described in the [instances page](instances.md).
### License
## License
```text
UnitCommitment.jl: A Julia/JuMP Optimization Package for Security-Constrained Unit Commitment
Copyright © 2020, UChicago Argonne, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright © 2020-2023, UChicago Argonne, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted
provided that the following conditions are met:
@@ -67,16 +67,3 @@ THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING N
OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
```
## Site contents
```{toctree}
---
maxdepth: 2
---
usage.md
format.md
instances.md
model.md
```

View File

@@ -1,20 +1,11 @@
```{sectnum}
---
start: 3
depth: 2
suffix: .
---
```
Instances
=========
UnitCommitment.jl provides a large collection of benchmark instances collected
from the literature and converted to a [common data format](format.md). In some cases, as indicated below, the original instances have been extended, with realistic parameters, using data-driven methods.
If you use these instances in your research, we request that you cite UnitCommitment.jl, as well as the original sources.
UnitCommitment.jl provides a large collection of benchmark instances collected from the literature and converted to a [common data format](format.md). In some cases, as indicated below, the original instances have been extended, with realistic parameters, using data-driven methods. If you use these instances in your research, we request that you cite UnitCommitment.jl, as well as the original sources, as listed below. Benchmark instances can be loaded with `UnitCommitment.read_benchmark(name)`, as explained in the [usage section](usage.md). Instance files can also be [directly downloaded from our website](https://axavier.org/UnitCommitment.jl/0.3/instances/).
Raw instances files are [available at our GitHub repository](https://github.com/ANL-CEEESA/UnitCommitment.jl/tree/dev/instances). Benchmark instances can also be loaded with
`UnitCommitment.read_benchmark(name)`, as explained in the [usage section](usage.md).
!!! warning
The instances included in UC.jl are still under development and may change in the future. If you use these instances in your research, for reproducibility, you should specify what version of UC.jl they came from.
MATPOWER
@@ -34,7 +25,7 @@ Because most MATPOWER test cases were originally designed for power flow studies
* **Contingencies** were set to include all N-1 transmission line contingencies that do not generate islands or isolated buses. More specifically, there is one contingency for each transmission line, as long as that transmission line is not a bridge in the network graph.
For each MATPOWER test case, UC.jl provides two variations (`2017-02-01` and `2017-08-01`) corresponding respectively to a winter and to a summer test case.
For each MATPOWER test case, UC.jl provides 365 variations (`2017-01-01` to `2017-12-31`) corresponding different days of the year.
### MATPOWER/UW-PSTCA
@@ -42,16 +33,11 @@ A variety of smaller IEEE test cases, [compiled by University of Washington](htt
| Name | Buses | Generators | Lines | Contingencies | References |
|------|-------|------------|-------|---------------|--------|
| `matpower/case14/2017-02-01` | 14 | 5 | 20 | 19 | [MTPWR, PSTCA]
| `matpower/case14/2017-08-01` | 14 | 5 | 20 | 19 | [MTPWR, PSTCA]
| `matpower/case30/2017-02-01` | 30 | 6 | 41 | 38 | [MTPWR, PSTCA]
| `matpower/case30/2017-08-01` | 30 | 6 | 41 | 38 | [MTPWR, PSTCA]
| `matpower/case57/2017-02-01` | 57 | 7 | 80 | 79 | [MTPWR, PSTCA]
| `matpower/case57/2017-08-01` | 57 | 7 | 80 | 79 | [MTPWR, PSTCA]
| `matpower/case118/2017-02-01` | 118 | 54 | 186 | 177 | [MTPWR, PSTCA]
| `matpower/case118/2017-08-01` | 118 | 54 | 186 | 177 | [MTPWR, PSTCA]
| `matpower/case300/2017-02-01` | 300 | 69 | 411 | 320 | [MTPWR, PSTCA]
| `matpower/case300/2017-08-01` | 300 | 69 | 411 | 320 | [MTPWR, PSTCA]
| `matpower/case14/2017-01-01` | 14 | 5 | 20 | 19 | [MTPWR, PSTCA]
| `matpower/case30/2017-01-01` | 30 | 6 | 41 | 38 | [MTPWR, PSTCA]
| `matpower/case57/2017-01-01` | 57 | 7 | 80 | 79 | [MTPWR, PSTCA]
| `matpower/case118/2017-01-01` | 118 | 54 | 186 | 177 | [MTPWR, PSTCA]
| `matpower/case300/2017-01-01` | 300 | 69 | 411 | 320 | [MTPWR, PSTCA]
### MATPOWER/Polish
@@ -60,22 +46,14 @@ Test cases based on the Polish 400, 220 and 110 kV networks, originally provided
| Name | Buses | Generators | Lines | Contingencies | References |
|------|-------|------------|-------|---------------|--------|
| `matpower/case2383wp/2017-02-01` | 2383 | 323 | 2896 | 2240 | [MTPWR]
| `matpower/case2383wp/2017-08-01` | 2383 | 323 | 2896 | 2240 | [MTPWR]
| `matpower/case2736sp/2017-02-01` | 2736 | 289 | 3504 | 3159 | [MTPWR]
| `matpower/case2736sp/2017-08-01` | 2736 | 289 | 3504 | 3159 | [MTPWR]
| `matpower/case2737sop/2017-02-01` | 2737 | 267 | 3506 | 3161 | [MTPWR]
| `matpower/case2737sop/2017-08-01` | 2737 | 267 | 3506 | 3161 | [MTPWR]
| `matpower/case2746wop/2017-02-01` | 2746 | 443 | 3514 | 3155 | [MTPWR]
| `matpower/case2746wop/2017-08-01` | 2746 | 443 | 3514 | 3155 | [MTPWR]
| `matpower/case2746wp/2017-02-01` | 2746 | 457 | 3514 | 3156 | [MTPWR]
| `matpower/case2746wp/2017-08-01` | 2746 | 457 | 3514 | 3156 | [MTPWR]
| `matpower/case3012wp/2017-02-01` | 3012 | 496 | 3572 | 2854 | [MTPWR]
| `matpower/case3012wp/2017-08-01` | 3012 | 496 | 3572 | 2854 | [MTPWR]
| `matpower/case3120sp/2017-02-01` | 3120 | 483 | 3693 | 2950 | [MTPWR]
| `matpower/case3120sp/2017-08-01` | 3120 | 483 | 3693 | 2950 | [MTPWR]
| `matpower/case3375wp/2017-02-01` | 3374 | 590 | 4161 | 3245 | [MTPWR]
| `matpower/case3375wp/2017-08-01` | 3374 | 590 | 4161 | 3245 | [MTPWR]
| `matpower/case2383wp/2017-01-01` | 2383 | 323 | 2896 | 2240 | [MTPWR]
| `matpower/case2736sp/2017-01-01` | 2736 | 289 | 3504 | 3159 | [MTPWR]
| `matpower/case2737sop/2017-01-01` | 2737 | 267 | 3506 | 3161 | [MTPWR]
| `matpower/case2746wop/2017-01-01` | 2746 | 443 | 3514 | 3155 | [MTPWR]
| `matpower/case2746wp/2017-01-01` | 2746 | 457 | 3514 | 3156 | [MTPWR]
| `matpower/case3012wp/2017-01-01` | 3012 | 496 | 3572 | 2854 | [MTPWR]
| `matpower/case3120sp/2017-01-01` | 3120 | 483 | 3693 | 2950 | [MTPWR]
| `matpower/case3375wp/2017-01-01` | 3374 | 590 | 4161 | 3245 | [MTPWR]
### MATPOWER/PEGASE
@@ -83,16 +61,11 @@ Test cases from the [Pan European Grid Advanced Simulation and State Estimation
| Name | Buses | Generators | Lines | Contingencies | References |
|------|-------|------------|-------|---------------|--------|
| `matpower/case89pegase/2017-02-01` | 89 | 12 | 210 | 192 | [JoFlMa16, FlPaCa13, MTPWR]
| `matpower/case89pegase/2017-08-01` | 89 | 12 | 210 | 192 | [JoFlMa16, FlPaCa13, MTPWR]
| `matpower/case1354pegase/2017-02-01` | 1354 | 260 | 1991 | 1288 | [JoFlMa16, FlPaCa13, MTPWR]
| `matpower/case1354pegase/2017-08-01` | 1354 | 260 | 1991 | 1288 | [JoFlMa16, FlPaCa13, MTPWR]
| `matpower/case2869pegase/2017-02-01` | 2869 | 510 | 4582 | 3579 | [JoFlMa16, FlPaCa13, MTPWR]
| `matpower/case2869pegase/2017-08-01` | 2869 | 510 | 4582 | 3579 | [JoFlMa16, FlPaCa13, MTPWR]
| `matpower/case9241pegase/2017-02-01` | 9241 | 1445 | 16049 | 13932 | [JoFlMa16, FlPaCa13, MTPWR]
| `matpower/case9241pegase/2017-08-01` | 9241 | 1445 | 16049 | 13932 | [JoFlMa16, FlPaCa13, MTPWR]
| `matpower/case13659pegase/2017-02-01` | 13659 | 4092 | 20467 | 13932 | [JoFlMa16, FlPaCa13, MTPWR]
| `matpower/case13659pegase/2017-08-01` | 13659 | 4092 | 20467 | 13932 | [JoFlMa16, FlPaCa13, MTPWR]
| `matpower/case89pegase/2017-01-01` | 89 | 12 | 210 | 192 | [JoFlMa16, FlPaCa13, MTPWR]
| `matpower/case1354pegase/2017-01-01` | 1354 | 260 | 1991 | 1288 | [JoFlMa16, FlPaCa13, MTPWR]
| `matpower/case2869pegase/2017-01-01` | 2869 | 510 | 4582 | 3579 | [JoFlMa16, FlPaCa13, MTPWR]
| `matpower/case9241pegase/2017-01-01` | 9241 | 1445 | 16049 | 13932 | [JoFlMa16, FlPaCa13, MTPWR]
| `matpower/case13659pegase/2017-01-01` | 13659 | 4092 | 20467 | 13932 | [JoFlMa16, FlPaCa13, MTPWR]
### MATPOWER/RTE
@@ -100,22 +73,14 @@ Test cases from the R&D Division at [Reseau de Transport d'Electricite](https://
| Name | Buses | Generators | Lines | Contingencies | References |
|------|-------|------------|-------|---------------|--------|
| `matpower/case1888rte/2017-02-01` | 1888 | 296 | 2531 | 1484 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
| `matpower/case1888rte/2017-08-01` | 1888 | 296 | 2531 | 1484 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
| `matpower/case1951rte/2017-02-01` | 1951 | 390 | 2596 | 1497 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
| `matpower/case1951rte/2017-08-01` | 1951 | 390 | 2596 | 1497 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
| `matpower/case2848rte/2017-02-01` | 2848 | 544 | 3776 | 2242 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
| `matpower/case2848rte/2017-08-01` | 2848 | 544 | 3776 | 2242 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
| `matpower/case2868rte/2017-02-01` | 2868 | 596 | 3808 | 2260 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
| `matpower/case2868rte/2017-08-01` | 2868 | 596 | 3808 | 2260 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
| `matpower/case6468rte/2017-02-01` | 6468 | 1262 | 9000 | 6094 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
| `matpower/case6468rte/2017-08-01` | 6468 | 1262 | 9000 | 6094 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
| `matpower/case6470rte/2017-02-01` | 6470 | 1306 | 9005 | 6085 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
| `matpower/case6470rte/2017-08-01` | 6470 | 1306 | 9005 | 6085 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
| `matpower/case6495rte/2017-02-01` | 6495 | 1352 | 9019 | 6060 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
| `matpower/case6495rte/2017-08-01` | 6495 | 1352 | 9019 | 6060 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
| `matpower/case6515rte/2017-02-01` | 6515 | 1368 | 9037 | 6063 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
| `matpower/case6515rte/2017-08-01` | 6515 | 1368 | 9037 | 6063 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
| `matpower/case1888rte/2017-01-01` | 1888 | 296 | 2531 | 1484 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
| `matpower/case1951rte/2017-01-01` | 1951 | 390 | 2596 | 1497 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
| `matpower/case2848rte/2017-01-01` | 2848 | 544 | 3776 | 2242 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
| `matpower/case2868rte/2017-01-01` | 2868 | 596 | 3808 | 2260 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
| `matpower/case6468rte/2017-01-01` | 6468 | 1262 | 9000 | 6094 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
| `matpower/case6470rte/2017-01-01` | 6470 | 1306 | 9005 | 6085 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
| `matpower/case6495rte/2017-01-01` | 6495 | 1352 | 9019 | 6060 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
| `matpower/case6515rte/2017-01-01` | 6515 | 1368 | 9037 | 6063 | [MTPWR, JoFlMa16]
PGLIB-UC Instances
@@ -315,7 +280,7 @@ Tejada19
References
----------
* [UCJL] **Alinson S. Xavier, Aleksandr M. Kazachkov, Feng Qiu.** "UnitCommitment.jl: A Julia/JuMP Optimization Package for Security-Constrained Unit Commitment". Zenodo (2020). [DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4269874](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4269874)
* [UCJL] **Alinson S. Xavier, Aleksandr M. Kazachkov, Ogün Yurdakul, Feng Qiu.** "UnitCommitment.jl: A Julia/JuMP Optimization Package for Security-Constrained Unit Commitment (Version 0.3)". Zenodo (2022). [DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4269874](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4269874)
* [KnOsWa20] **Bernard Knueven, James Ostrowski and Jean-Paul Watson.** "On Mixed-Integer Programming Formulations for the Unit Commitment Problem". INFORMS Journal on Computing (2020). [DOI: 10.1287/ijoc.2019.0944](https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2019.0944)
@@ -323,14 +288,9 @@ References
* [BaBlEh19] **Clayton Barrows, Aaron Bloom, Ali Ehlen, Jussi Ikaheimo, Jennie Jorgenson, Dheepak Krishnamurthy, Jessica Lau et al.** "The IEEE Reliability Test System: A Proposed 2019 Update." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems (2019). [DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2925557](https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2925557)
* [JoFlMa16] **C. Josz, S. Fliscounakis, J. Maeght, and P. Panciatici.** "AC Power Flow
Data in MATPOWER and QCQP Format: iTesla, RTE Snapshots, and PEGASE". [ArXiv (2016)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.01533).
* [JoFlMa16] **C. Josz, S. Fliscounakis, J. Maeght, and P. Panciatici.** "AC Power Flow Data in MATPOWER and QCQP Format: iTesla, RTE Snapshots, and PEGASE". [ArXiv (2016)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.01533).
* [FlPaCa13] **S. Fliscounakis, P. Panciatici, F. Capitanescu, and L. Wehenkel.**
"Contingency ranking with respect to overloads in very large power
systems taking into account uncertainty, preventive and corrective
actions", Power Systems, IEEE Trans. on, (28)4:4909-4917, 2013.
[DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2251015](https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2251015)
* [FlPaCa13] **S. Fliscounakis, P. Panciatici, F. Capitanescu, and L. Wehenkel.** "Contingency ranking with respect to overloads in very large power systems taking into account uncertainty, preventive and corrective actions", Power Systems, IEEE Trans. on, (28)4:4909-4917, 2013. [DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2251015](https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2251015)
* [MTPWR] **D. Zimmerman, C. E. Murillo-Sandnchez and R. J. Thomas.** "Matpower: Steady-state operations, planning, and analysis tools forpower systems research and education", IEEE Transactions on PowerSystems, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 12 19, Feb. 2011. [DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2051168](https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2051168)

233
docs/src/model.md Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
JuMP Model
==========
In this page, we describe the JuMP optimization model produced by the function `build_model`. A detailed understanding of this model is not necessary if you are just interested in using the package to solve some standard unit commitment cases, but it may be useful, for example, if you need to solve a slightly different problem, with additional variables and constraints. The notation in this page generally follows [KnOsWa20].
Decision variables
------------------
UC.jl models the security-constrained unit commitment problem as a two-stage stochastic program. In this approach, some of the decision variables are *first-stage decisions*, which are taken before the uncertainty is realized and must therefore be the same across all scenarios, while the remaining variables are *second-stage decisions*, which can attain a different values in each scenario. In the current version of the package, all binary variables (which model commitment decisions of thermal units) are first-stage decisions and all continuous variables are second-stage decisions.
!!! note
UC.jl treats deterministic SCUC instances as a special case of the stochastic problem in which there is only one scenario, named `"s1"` by default. To access second-stage decisions, therefore, you must provide this scenario name as the value for `sn`. For example, `model[:prod_above]["s1", g, t]`.
### Generators
In this section, we describe the decision variables associated with the generators, which include both thermal units (e.g., natural gas-fired power plant) and profiled units (e.g., wind turbine).
#### Thermal Units
Name | Description | Unit | Stage
:-----|:-------------|:------: | :------:
`is_on[g,t]` | True if generator `g` is on at time `t`. | Binary | 1
`switch_on[g,t]` | True is generator `g` switches on at time `t`. | Binary| 1
`switch_off[g,t]` | True if generator `g` switches off at time `t`. | Binary| 1
`startup[g,t,s]` | True if generator `g` switches on at time `t` incurring start-up costs from start-up category `s`. | Binary| 1
`prod_above[sn,g,t]` | Amount of power produced by generator `g` above its minimum power output at time `t` in scenario `sn`. For example, if the minimum power of generator `g` is 100 MW and `g` is producing 115 MW of power at time `t` in scenario `sn`, then `prod_above[sn,g,t]` equals `15.0`. | MW | 2
`segprod[sn,g,t,k]` | Amount of power from piecewise linear segment `k` produced by generator `g` at time `t` in scenario `sn`. For example, if cost curve for generator `g` is defined by the points `(100, 1400)`, `(110, 1600)`, `(130, 2200)` and `(135, 2400)`, and if the generator is producing 115 MW of power at time `t` in scenario `sn`, then `segprod[sn,g,t,:]` equals `[10.0, 5.0, 0.0]`.| MW | 2
`reserve[sn,r,g,t]` | Amount of reserve `r` provided by unit `g` at time `t` in scenario `sn`. | MW | 2
!!! warning
The first-stage decision variables of the JuMP model are `is_on[g,t]`, `switch_on[g,t]`, `switch_off[g,t]`, and `startup[g,t,s]`. As such, the dictionaries corresponding to these variables do not include the scenario index in their keys. In contrast, all other variables of the created JuMP model are allowed to obtain a different value in each scenario and are thus modeled as second-stage decision variables. Accordingly, the dictionaries of all second-stage decision variables have the scenario index in their keys. This is true even if the model is created to solve the deterministic SCUC, in which case the default scenario index `s1` is included in the dictionary key.
#### Profiled Units
Name | Description | Unit | Stage
:-----|:-------------|:------: | :------:
`prod_profiled[s,t]` | Amount of power produced by profiled unit `g` at time `t`. | MW | 2
### Buses
Name | Description | Unit | Stage
:-----|:-------------|:------:| :------:
`net_injection[sn,b,t]` | Net injection at bus `b` at time `t` in scenario `sn`. | MW | 2
`curtail[sn,b,t]` | Amount of load curtailed at bus `b` at time `t` in scenario `sn`. | MW | 2
### Price-sensitive loads
Name | Description | Unit | Stage
:-----|:-------------|:------:| :------:
`loads[sn,s,t]` | Amount of power served to price-sensitive load `s` at time `t` in scenario `sn`. | MW | 2
### Transmission lines
Name | Description | Unit | Stage
:-----|:-------------|:------:| :------:
`flow[sn,l,t]` | Power flow on line `l` at time `t` in scenario `sn`. | MW | 2
`overflow[sn,l,t]` | Amount of flow above the limit for line `l` at time `t` in scenario `sn`. | MW | 2
!!! warning
Since transmission and N-1 security constraints are enforced in a lazy way, most of the `flow[l,t]` variables are never added to the model. Accessing `model[:flow][sn,l,t]` without first checking that the variable exists will likely generate an error.
Objective function
------------------
TODO
Constraints
-----------
TODO
Inspecting and modifying the model
----------------------------------
### Accessing decision variables
After building a model using `UnitCommitment.build_model`, it is possible to obtain a reference to the decision variables by calling `model[:varname][index]`. For example, `model[:is_on]["g1",1]` returns a direct reference to the JuMP variable indicating whether generator named "g1" is on at time 1. The script below illustrates how to build a model, solve it and display the solution without using the function `UnitCommitment.solution`.
```julia
using Cbc
using Printf
using JuMP
using UnitCommitment
# Load benchmark instance
instance = UnitCommitment.read_benchmark("matpower/case118/2017-02-01")
# Build JuMP model
model = UnitCommitment.build_model(
instance=instance,
optimizer=Cbc.Optimizer,
)
# Solve the model
UnitCommitment.optimize!(model)
# Display commitment status
for g in instance.units
for t in 1:instance.time
@printf(
"%-10s %5d %5.1f %5.1f %5.1f\n",
g.name,
t,
value(model[:is_on][g.name, t]),
value(model[:switch_on][g.name, t]),
value(model[:switch_off][g.name, t]),
)
end
end
```
### Fixing variables, modifying objective function and adding constraints
Since we now have a direct reference to the JuMP decision variables, it is possible to fix variables, change the coefficients in the objective function, or even add new constraints to the model before solving it.
!!! warning
It is important to take into account the stage of the decision variables in modifying the optimization model. In changing a deterministic SCUC model, modifying the second-stage decision variables requires adding the term `s1`, which is the default scenario name assigned to the second-stage decision variables in the SCUC model. For an SUC model, the package permits the modification of the second-stage decision variables individually for each scenario.
The script below shows how the JuMP model can be modified after it is created. For more information on modifying an existing model, [see the JuMP documentation](https://jump.dev/JuMP.jl/stable/manual/variables/).
```julia
using Cbc
using JuMP
using UnitCommitment
# Load benchmark instance
instance = UnitCommitment.read_benchmark("matpower/case118/2017-02-01")
# Construct JuMP model
model = UnitCommitment.build_model(
instance=instance,
optimizer=Cbc.Optimizer,
)
# Fix the commitment status of the generator "g1" in time period 1 to 1.0
JuMP.fix(
model[:is_on]["g1",1],
1.0,
force=true,
)
# Fix the production level of the generator "g1" above its minimum level in time period 1 and
# in scenario "s1" to 20.0 MW. Observe that the three-tuple dictionary key involves the scenario
# index "s1", as production above minimum is a second-stage decision variable.
JuMP.fix(
model[:prod_above]["s1", "g1", 1],
20.0,
force=true,
)
# Enforce the curtailment of 20.0 MW of load at bus "b2" in time period 4 in scenario "s1".
JuMP.fix(
curtail["s1", "b2", 4] =
20.0,
force=true,
)
# Change the objective function
JuMP.set_objective_coefficient(
model,
model[:switch_on]["g2",1],
1000.0,
)
# Create a new constraint
@constraint(
model,
model[:is_on]["g3",1] + model[:is_on]["g4",1] <= 1,
)
# Solve the model
UnitCommitment.optimize!(model)
```
### Adding new component to a bus
The following snippet shows how to add a new grid component to a particular bus. For each time step, we create decision variables for the new grid component, add these variables to the objective function, then attach the component to a particular bus by modifying some existing model constraints.
```julia
using Cbc
using JuMP
using UnitCommitment
# Load instance and build base model
instance = UnitCommitment.read_benchmark("matpower/case118/2017-02-01")
model = UnitCommitment.build_model(
instance=instance,
optimizer=Cbc.Optimizer,
)
# Get the number of time steps in the original instance
T = instance.time
# Create decision variables for the new grid component.
# In this example, we assume that the new component can
# inject up to 10 MW of power at each time step, so we
# create new continuous variables 0 ≤ x[t] ≤ 10.
@variable(model, x[1:T], lower_bound=0.0, upper_bound=10.0)
# For each time step
for t in 1:T
# Add production costs to the objective function.
# In this example, we assume a cost of $5/MW.
set_objective_coefficient(model, x[t], 5.0)
# Attach the new component to bus b1 in scenario s1, by modifying the
# constraint `eq_net_injection`.
set_normalized_coefficient(
model[:eq_net_injection]["s1", "b1", t],
x[t],
1.0,
)
end
# Solve the model
UnitCommitment.optimize!(model)
# Show optimal values for the x variables
@show value.(x)
```
References
----------
* [KnOsWa20] **Bernard Knueven, James Ostrowski and Jean-Paul Watson.** "On Mixed-Integer Programming Formulations for the Unit Commitment Problem". INFORMS Journal on Computing (2020). [DOI: 10.1287/ijoc.2019.0944](https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2019.0944)

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Usage
=====
Installation
------------
UnitCommitment.jl was tested and developed with [Julia 1.9](https://julialang.org/). To install Julia, please follow the [installation guide on the official Julia website](https://julialang.org/downloads/). To install UnitCommitment.jl, run the Julia interpreter, type `]` to open the package manager, then type:
```text
pkg> add UnitCommitment@0.4
```
To solve the optimization models, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) solver is also required. Please see the [JuMP installation guide](https://jump.dev/JuMP.jl/stable/installation/) for more instructions on installing a solver. Typical open-source choices are [HiGHS](https://github.com/jump-dev/HiGHS.jl), [Cbc](https://github.com/JuliaOpt/Cbc.jl) and [GLPK](https://github.com/JuliaOpt/GLPK.jl). In the instructions below, HiGHS will be used, but any other MILP solver listed in JuMP installation guide should also be compatible.
Typical Usage
-------------
### Solving user-provided instances
The first step to use UC.jl is to construct JSON files that describe each scenario of your deterministic or stochastic unit commitment instance. See [Data Format](format.md) for a complete description of the data format UC.jl expects. The next steps, as shown below, are to: (1) read the scenario files; (2) build the optimization model; (3) run the optimization; and (4) extract the optimal solution.
```julia
using HiGHS
using JuMP
using UnitCommitment
# 1. Read instance
instance = UnitCommitment.read(["example/s1.json", "example/s2.json"])
# 2. Construct optimization model
model = UnitCommitment.build_model(
instance=instance,
optimizer=HiGHS.Optimizer,
)
# 3. Solve model
UnitCommitment.optimize!(model)
# 4. Write solution to a file
solution = UnitCommitment.solution(model)
UnitCommitment.write("example/out.json", solution)
```
To read multiple files from a given folder, the [Glob](https://github.com/vtjnash/Glob.jl) package can be used:
```jldoctest usage1; output = false
using Glob
using UnitCommitment
instance = UnitCommitment.read(glob("s*.json", "example/"))
# output
UnitCommitmentInstance(2 scenarios, 6 thermal units, 0 profiled units, 14 buses, 20 lines, 19 contingencies, 1 price sensitive loads, 4 time steps)
```
To solve deterministic instances, a single scenario file may be provided.
```jldoctest usage1; output = false
instance = UnitCommitment.read("example/s1.json")
# output
UnitCommitmentInstance(1 scenarios, 6 thermal units, 0 profiled units, 14 buses, 20 lines, 19 contingencies, 1 price sensitive loads, 4 time steps)
```
### Solving benchmark instances
UnitCommitment.jl contains a large number of deterministic benchmark instances collected from the literature and converted into a common data format. To solve one of these instances individually, instead of constructing your own, the function `read_benchmark` can be used, as shown below. See [Instances](instances.md) for the complete list of available instances.
```jldoctest usage1; output = false
instance = UnitCommitment.read_benchmark("matpower/case3375wp/2017-02-01")
# output
UnitCommitmentInstance(1 scenarios, 590 thermal units, 0 profiled units, 3374 buses, 4161 lines, 3245 contingencies, 0 price sensitive loads, 36 time steps)
```
## Customizing the formulation
By default, `build_model` uses a formulation that combines modeling components from different publications, and that has been carefully tested, using our own benchmark scripts, to provide good performance across a wide variety of instances. This default formulation is expected to change over time, as new methods are proposed in the literature. You can, however, construct your own formulation, based on the modeling components that you choose, as shown in the next example.
```julia
using HiGHS
using UnitCommitment
import UnitCommitment:
Formulation,
KnuOstWat2018,
MorLatRam2013,
ShiftFactorsFormulation
instance = UnitCommitment.read_benchmark(
"matpower/case118/2017-02-01",
)
model = UnitCommitment.build_model(
instance = instance,
optimizer = HiGHS.Optimizer,
formulation = Formulation(
pwl_costs = KnuOstWat2018.PwlCosts(),
ramping = MorLatRam2013.Ramping(),
startup_costs = MorLatRam2013.StartupCosts(),
transmission = ShiftFactorsFormulation(
isf_cutoff = 0.005,
lodf_cutoff = 0.001,
),
),
)
```
## Generating initial conditions
When creating random unit commitment instances for benchmark purposes, it is often hard to compute, in advance, sensible initial conditions for all thermal generators. Setting initial conditions naively (for example, making all generators initially off and producing no power) can easily cause the instance to become infeasible due to excessive ramping. Initial conditions can also make it hard to modify existing instances. For example, increasing the system load without carefully modifying the initial conditions may make the problem infeasible or unrealistically challenging to solve.
To help with this issue, UC.jl provides a utility function which can generate feasible initial conditions by solving a single-period optimization problem, as shown below:
```julia
using HiGHS
using UnitCommitment
# Read original instance
instance = UnitCommitment.read("example/s1.json")
# Generate initial conditions (in-place)
UnitCommitment.generate_initial_conditions!(instance, HiGHS.Optimizer)
# Construct and solve optimization model
model = UnitCommitment.build_model(
instance=instance,
optimizer=HiGHS.Optimizer,
)
UnitCommitment.optimize!(model)
```
!!! warning
The function `generate_initial_conditions!` may return different initial conditions after each call, even if the same instance and the same optimizer is provided. The particular algorithm may also change in a future version of UC.jl. For these reasons, it is recommended that you generate initial conditions exactly once for each instance and store them for later use.
## Verifying solutions
When developing new formulations, it is very easy to introduce subtle errors in the model that result in incorrect solutions. To help avoiding this, UC.jl includes a utility function that verifies if a given solution is feasible, and, if not, prints all the validation errors it found. The implementation of this function is completely independent from the implementation of the optimization model, and therefore can be used to validate it.
```jldoctest; output = false
using JSON
using UnitCommitment
# Read instance
instance = UnitCommitment.read("example/s1.json")
# Read solution (potentially produced by other packages)
solution = JSON.parsefile("example/out.json")
# Validate solution and print validation errors
UnitCommitment.validate(instance, solution)
# output
true
```
## Progressive Hedging
By default, UC.jl uses the Extensive Form (EF) when solving stochastic instances. This approach involves constructing a single JuMP model that contains data and decision variables for all scenarios. Although EF has optimality guarantees and performs well with small test cases, it can become computationally intractable for large instances or substantial number of scenarios.
Progressive Hedging (PH) is an alternative (heuristic) solution method provided by UC.jl in which the problem is decomposed into smaller scenario-based subproblems, which are then solved in parallel in separate Julia processes, potentially across multiple machines. Quadratic penalty terms are used to enforce convergence of first-stage decision variables. The method is closely related to the Alternative Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) and can handle larger instances, although it is not guaranteed to converge to the optimal solution. Our implementation of PH relies on Message Passing Interface (MPI) for communication. We refer to [MPI.jl Documentation](https://github.com/JuliaParallel/MPI.jl) for more details on installing MPI.
The following example shows how to solve SCUC instances using progressive hedging. The script should be saved in a file, say `ph.jl`, and executed using `mpiexec -n <num-scenarios> julia ph.jl`.
```julia
using HiGHS
using MPI
using UnitCommitment
using Glob
# 1. Initialize MPI
MPI.Init()
# 2. Configure progressive hedging method
ph = UnitCommitment.ProgressiveHedging()
# 3. Read problem instance
instance = UnitCommitment.read(["example/s1.json", "example/s2.json"], ph)
# 4. Build JuMP model
model = UnitCommitment.build_model(
instance = instance,
optimizer = HiGHS.Optimizer,
)
# 5. Run the decentralized optimization algorithm
UnitCommitment.optimize!(model, ph)
# 6. Fetch the solution
solution = UnitCommitment.solution(model, ph)
# 7. Close MPI
MPI.Finalize()
```
When using PH, the model can be customized as usual, with different formulations or additional user-provided constraints. Note that `read`, in this case, takes `ph` as an argument. This allows each Julia process to read only the instance files that are relevant to it. Similarly, the `solution` function gathers the optimal solution of each processes and returns a combined dictionary.
Each process solves a sub-problem with $\frac{s}{p}$ scenarios, where $s$ is the total number of scenarios and $p$ is the number of MPI processes. For instance, if we have 15 scenario files and 5 processes, then each process will solve a JuMP model that contains data for 3 scenarios. If the total number of scenarios is not divisible by the number of processes, then an error will be thrown.
!!! warning
Currently, PH can handle only equiprobable scenarios. Further, `solution(model, ph)` can only handle cases where only one scenario is modeled in each process.
## Computing Locational Marginal Prices
Locational marginal prices (LMPs) refer to the cost of supplying electricity at a particular location of the network. Multiple methods for computing LMPs have been proposed in the literature. UnitCommitment.jl implements two commonly-used methods: conventional LMPs and Approximated Extended LMPs (AELMPs). To compute LMPs for a given unit commitment instance, the `compute_lmp` function can be used, as shown in the examples below. The function accepts three arguments -- a solved SCUC model, an LMP method, and a linear optimizer -- and it returns a dictionary mapping `(bus_name, time)` to the marginal price.
!!! warning
Most mixed-integer linear optimizers, such as `HiGHS`, `Gurobi` and `CPLEX` can be used with `compute_lmp`, with the notable exception of `Cbc`, which does not support dual value evaluations. If using `Cbc`, please provide `Clp` as the linear optimizer.
### Conventional LMPs
LMPs are conventionally computed by: (1) solving the SCUC model, (2) fixing all binary variables to their optimal values, and (3) re-solving the resulting linear programming model. In this approach, the LMPs are defined as the dual variables' values associated with the net injection constraints. The example below shows how to compute conventional LMPs for a given unit commitment instance. First, we build and optimize the SCUC model. Then, we call the `compute_lmp` function, providing as the second argument `ConventionalLMP()`.
```julia
using UnitCommitment
using HiGHS
import UnitCommitment: ConventionalLMP
# Read benchmark instance
instance = UnitCommitment.read_benchmark("matpower/case118/2018-01-01")
# Build the model
model = UnitCommitment.build_model(
instance = instance,
optimizer = HiGHS.Optimizer,
)
# Optimize the model
UnitCommitment.optimize!(model)
# Compute the LMPs using the conventional method
lmp = UnitCommitment.compute_lmp(
model,
ConventionalLMP(),
optimizer = HiGHS.Optimizer,
)
# Access the LMPs
# Example: "s1" is the scenario name, "b1" is the bus name, 1 is the first time slot
@show lmp["s1","b1", 1]
```
### Approximate Extended LMPs
Approximate Extended LMPs (AELMPs) are an alternative method to calculate locational marginal prices which attemps to minimize uplift payments. The method internally works by modifying the instance data in three ways: (1) it sets the minimum power output of each generator to zero, (2) it averages the start-up cost over the offer blocks for each generator, and (3) it relaxes all integrality constraints. To compute AELMPs, as shown in the example below, we call `compute_lmp` and provide `AELMP()` as the second argument.
This method has two configurable parameters: `allow_offline_participation` and `consider_startup_costs`. If `allow_offline_participation = true`, then offline generators are allowed to participate in the pricing. If instead `allow_offline_participation = false`, offline generators are not allowed and therefore are excluded from the system. A solved UC model is optional if offline participation is allowed, but is required if not allowed. The method forces offline participation to be allowed if the UC model supplied by the user is not solved. For the second field, If `consider_startup_costs = true`, then start-up costs are integrated and averaged over each unit production; otherwise the production costs stay the same. By default, both fields are set to `true`.
!!! warning
This approximation method is still under active research, and has several limitations. The implementation provided in the package is based on MISO Phase I only. It only supports fast start resources. More specifically, the minimum up/down time of all generators must be 1, the initial power of all generators must be 0, and the initial status of all generators must be negative. The method does not support time-varying start-up costs. The method does not support multiple scenarios. If offline participation is not allowed, AELMPs treats an asset to be offline if it is never on throughout all time periods.
```julia
using UnitCommitment
using HiGHS
import UnitCommitment: AELMP
# Read benchmark instance
instance = UnitCommitment.read_benchmark("matpower/case118/2017-02-01")
# Build the model
model = UnitCommitment.build_model(
instance = instance,
optimizer = HiGHS.Optimizer,
)
# Optimize the model
UnitCommitment.optimize!(model)
# Compute the AELMPs
aelmp = UnitCommitment.compute_lmp(
model,
AELMP(
allow_offline_participation = false,
consider_startup_costs = true
),
optimizer = HiGHS.Optimizer
)
# Access the AELMPs
# Example: "s1" is the scenario name, "b1" is the bus name, 1 is the first time slot
# Note: although scenario is supported, the query still keeps the scenario keys for consistency.
@show aelmp["s1", "b1", 1]
```
## Time Decomposition
Solving unit commitment instances that have long time horizons (for example, year-long 8760-hour instances) requires a substantial amount of computational power. To address this issue, UC.jl offers a time decomposition method, which breaks the instance down into multiple overlapping subproblems, solves them sequentially, then reassembles the solution.
When solving a unit commitment instance with a dense time slot structure, computational complexity can become a significant challenge. For instance, if the instance contains hourly data for an entire year (8760 hours), solving such a model can require a substantial amount of computational power. To address this issue, UC.jl provides a time_decomposition method within the `optimize!` function. This method decomposes the problem into multiple sub-problems, solving them sequentially.
The `optimize!` function takes 5 parameters: a unit commitment instance, a `TimeDecomposition` method, an optimizer, and two optional functions `after_build` and `after_optimize`. It returns a solution dictionary. The `TimeDecomposition` method itself requires four arguments: `time_window`, `time_increment`, `inner_method` (optional), and `formulation` (optional). These arguments define the time window for each sub-problem, the time increment to move to the next sub-problem, the method used to solve each sub-problem, and the formulation employed, respectively. The two functions, namely `after_build` and `after_optimize`, are invoked subsequent to the construction and optimization of each sub-model, respectively. It is imperative that the `after_build` function requires its two arguments to be consistently mapped to `model` and `instance`, while the `after_optimize` function necessitates its three arguments to be consistently mapped to `solution`, `model`, and `instance`.
The code snippet below illustrates an example of solving an instance by decomposing the model into multiple 36-hour sub-problems using the `XavQiuWanThi2019` method. Each sub-problem advances 24 hours at a time. The first sub-problem covers time steps 1 to 36, the second covers time steps 25 to 60, the third covers time steps 49 to 84, and so on. The initial power levels and statuses of the second and subsequent sub-problems are set based on the results of the first 24 hours from each of their immediate prior sub-problems. In essence, this approach addresses the complexity of solving a large problem by tackling it in 24-hour intervals, while incorporating an additional 12-hour buffer to mitigate the closing window effect for each sub-problem. Furthermore, the `after_build` function imposes the restriction that `g3` and `g4` cannot be activated simultaneously during the initial time slot of each sub-problem. On the other hand, the `after_optimize` function is invoked to calculate the conventional Locational Marginal Prices (LMPs) for each sub-problem, and subsequently appends the computed values to the `lmps` vector.
> **Warning**
> Specifying `TimeDecomposition` as the value of the `inner_method` field of another `TimeDecomposition` causes errors when calling the `optimize!` function due to the different argument structures between the two `optimize!` functions.
```julia
using UnitCommitment, JuMP, Cbc, HiGHS
import UnitCommitment:
TimeDecomposition,
ConventionalLMP,
XavQiuWanThi2019,
Formulation
# specifying the after_build and after_optimize functions
function after_build(model, instance)
@constraint(
model,
model[:is_on]["g3", 1] + model[:is_on]["g4", 1] <= 1,
)
end
lmps = []
function after_optimize(solution, model, instance)
lmp = UnitCommitment.compute_lmp(
model,
ConventionalLMP(),
optimizer = HiGHS.Optimizer,
)
return push!(lmps, lmp)
end
# assume the instance is given as a 120h problem
instance = UnitCommitment.read("instance.json")
solution = UnitCommitment.optimize!(
instance,
TimeDecomposition(
time_window = 36, # solve 36h problems
time_increment = 24, # advance by 24h each time
inner_method = XavQiuWanThi2019.Method(),
formulation = Formulation(),
),
optimizer = Cbc.Optimizer,
after_build = after_build,
after_optimize = after_optimize,
)
```
## Day-ahead (DA) Market to Real-time (RT) Markets
The UC.jl package offers a comprehensive set of functions for solving marketing problems. The primary function, `solve_market`, facilitates the solution of day-ahead (DA) markets, which can be either deterministic or stochastic in nature. Subsequently, it sequentially maps the commitment status obtained from the DA market to all the real-time (RT) markets, which are deterministic instances. It is essential to ensure that the time span of the DA market encompasses all the RT markets, and the file paths for the RT markets must be specified in chronological order. Each RT market should represent a single time slot, and it is recommended to include a few additional time slots to mitigate the closing window effect.
The `solve_market` function accepts several parameters, including the file path (or a list of file paths in the case of stochastic markets) for the DA market, a list of file paths for the RT markets, the market settings specified by the `MarketSettings` structure, and an optimizer. The `MarketSettings` structure itself requires three optional arguments: `inner_method`, `lmp_method`, and `formulation`. If the computation of Locational Marginal Prices (LMPs) is not desired, the `lmp_method` can be set to `nothing`. Additional optional parameters include a linear programming optimizer for solving LMPs (if a different optimizer than the required one is desired), callback functions `after_build_da` and `after_optimize_da`, which are invoked after the construction and optimization of the DA market, and callback functions `after_build_rt` and `after_optimize_rt`, which are invoked after the construction and optimization of each RT market. It is crucial to note that the `after_build` function requires its two arguments to consistently correspond to `model` and `instance`, while the `after_optimize` function requires its three arguments to consistently correspond to `solution`, `model`, and `instance`.
As an illustrative example, suppose the DA market predicts hourly data for a 24-hour period, while the RT markets represent 5-minute intervals. In this scenario, each RT market file corresponds to a specific 5-minute interval, with the first RT market representing the initial 5 minutes, the second RT market representing the subsequent 5 minutes, and so on. Consequently, there should be 12 RT market files for each hour. To mitigate the closing window effect, except for the last few RT markets, each RT market should contain three time slots, resulting in a total time span of 15 minutes. However, only the first time slot is considered in the final solution. The last two RT markets should only contain 2 and 1 time slot(s), respectively, to ensure that the total time covered by all RT markets does not exceed the time span of the DA market. The code snippet below demonstrates a simplified example of how to utilize the `solve_market` function. Please note that it only serves as a simplified example and may require further customization based on the specific requirements of your use case.
```julia
using UnitCommitment, Cbc, HiGHS
import UnitCommitment:
MarketSettings,
XavQiuWanThi2019,
ConventionalLMP,
Formulation
solution = UnitCommitment.solve_market(
"da_instance.json",
["rt_instance_1.json", "rt_instance_2.json", "rt_instance_3.json"],
MarketSettings(
inner_method = XavQiuWanThi2019.Method(),
lmp_method = ConventionalLMP(),
formulation = Formulation(),
),
optimizer = Cbc.Optimizer,
lp_optimizer = HiGHS.Optimizer,
)
```

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@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
```{sectnum}
---
start: 1
depth: 2
suffix: .
---
```
Usage
=====
Installation
------------
UnitCommitment.jl was tested and developed with [Julia 1.6](https://julialang.org/). To install Julia, please follow the [installation guide on the official Julia website](https://julialang.org/downloads/platform.html). To install UnitCommitment.jl, run the Julia interpreter, type `]` to open the package manager, then type:
```text
pkg> add UnitCommitment@0.2
```
To test that the package has been correctly installed, run:
```text
pkg> test UnitCommitment
```
If all tests pass, the package should now be ready to be used by any Julia script on the machine.
To solve the optimization models, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) solver is also required. Please see the [JuMP installation guide](https://jump.dev/JuMP.jl/stable/installation/) for more instructions on installing a solver. Typical open-source choices are [Cbc](https://github.com/JuliaOpt/Cbc.jl) and [GLPK](https://github.com/JuliaOpt/GLPK.jl). In the instructions below, Cbc will be used, but any other MILP solver listed in JuMP installation guide should also be compatible.
Typical Usage
-------------
### Solving user-provided instances
The first step to use UC.jl is to construct a JSON file describing your unit commitment instance. See [Data Format](format.md) for a complete description of the data format UC.jl expects. The next steps, as shown below, are to: (1) read the instance from file; (2) construct the optimization model; (3) run the optimization; and (4) extract the optimal solution.
```julia
using Cbc
using JSON
using UnitCommitment
# 1. Read instance
instance = UnitCommitment.read("/path/to/input.json")
# 2. Construct optimization model
model = UnitCommitment.build_model(
instance=instance,
optimizer=Cbc.Optimizer,
)
# 3. Solve model
UnitCommitment.optimize!(model)
# 4. Write solution to a file
solution = UnitCommitment.solution(model)
UnitCommitment.write("/path/to/output.json", solution)
```
### Solving benchmark instances
UnitCommitment.jl contains a large number of benchmark instances collected from the literature and converted into a common data format. To solve one of these instances individually, instead of constructing your own, the function `read_benchmark` can be used, as shown below. See [Instances](instances.md) for the complete list of available instances.
```julia
using UnitCommitment
instance = UnitCommitment.read_benchmark("matpower/case3375wp/2017-02-01")
```
Advanced usage
--------------
### Customizing the formulation
By default, `build_model` uses a formulation that combines modeling components from different publications, and that has been carefully tested, using our own benchmark scripts, to provide good performance across a wide variety of instances. This default formulation is expected to change over time, as new methods are proposed in the literature. You can, however, construct your own formulation, based on the modeling components that you choose, as shown in the next example.
```julia
using Cbc
using UnitCommitment
import UnitCommitment:
Formulation,
KnuOstWat2018,
MorLatRam2013,
ShiftFactorsFormulation
instance = UnitCommitment.read_benchmark(
"matpower/case118/2017-02-01",
)
model = UnitCommitment.build_model(
instance = instance,
optimizer = Cbc.Optimizer,
formulation = Formulation(
pwl_costs = KnuOstWat2018.PwlCosts(),
ramping = MorLatRam2013.Ramping(),
startup_costs = MorLatRam2013.StartupCosts(),
transmission = ShiftFactorsFormulation(
isf_cutoff = 0.005,
lodf_cutoff = 0.001,
),
),
)
```
### Generating initial conditions
When creating random unit commitment instances for benchmark purposes, it is often hard to compute, in advance, sensible initial conditions for all generators. Setting initial conditions naively (for example, making all generators initially off and producing no power) can easily cause the instance to become infeasible due to excessive ramping. Initial conditions can also make it hard to modify existing instances. For example, increasing the system load without carefully modifying the initial conditions may make the problem infeasible or unrealistically challenging to solve.
To help with this issue, UC.jl provides a utility function which can generate feasible initial conditions by solving a single-period optimization problem, as shown below:
```julia
using Cbc
using UnitCommitment
# Read original instance
instance = UnitCommitment.read("instance.json")
# Generate initial conditions (in-place)
UnitCommitment.generate_initial_conditions!(instance, Cbc.Optimizer)
# Construct and solve optimization model
model = UnitCommitment.build_model(
instance=instance,
optimizer=Cbc.Optimizer,
)
UnitCommitment.optimize!(model)
```
```{warning}
The function `generate_initial_conditions!` may return different initial conditions after each call, even if the same instance and the same optimizer is provided. The particular algorithm may also change in a future version of UC.jl. For these reasons, it is recommended that you generate initial conditions exactly once for each instance and store them for later use.
```
### Verifying solutions
When developing new formulations, it is very easy to introduce subtle errors in the model that result in incorrect solutions. To help with this, UC.jl includes a utility function that verifies if a given solution is feasible, and, if not, prints all the validation errors it found. The implementation of this function is completely independent from the implementation of the optimization model, and therefore can be used to validate it. The function can also be used to verify solutions produced by other optimization packages, as long as they follow the [UC.jl data format](format.md).
```julia
using JSON
using UnitCommitment
# Read instance
instance = UnitCommitment.read("instance.json")
# Read solution (potentially produced by other packages)
solution = JSON.parsefile("solution.json")
# Validate solution and print validation errors
UnitCommitment.validate(instance, solution)
```

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@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
Instances
=========
UnitCommitment.jl provides a large collection of benchmark instances collected
from the literature and converted to a common data format. If you use these instances in your research, we request that you cite UnitCommitment.jl, as well as the original sources, as listed below. [See documentation for more details](https://anl-ceeesa.github.io/UnitCommitment.jl/).
References
----------
### UnitCommitment.jl
* [UCJL] **Alinson S. Xavier, Feng Qiu.** "UnitCommitment.jl: A Julia/JuMP Optimization Package for Security-Constrained Unit Commitment". Zenodo (2020). [DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4269874](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4269874)
### MATPOWER
* [MTPWR] **D. Zimmerman, C. E. Murillo-Sandnchez and R. J. Thomas.** "Matpower: Steady-state operations, planning, and analysis tools forpower systems research and education", IEEE Transactions on PowerSystems, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 12 19, Feb. 2011. [DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2051168](https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2051168)
* [PSTCA] **University of Washington, Dept. of Electrical Engineering.** "Power Systems Test Case Archive". Available at: <http://www.ee.washington.edu/research/pstca/> (Accessed: Nov 14, 2020)
* [JoFlMa16] **C. Josz, S. Fliscounakis, J. Maeght, and P. Panciatici.** "AC Power Flow
Data in MATPOWER and QCQP Format: iTesla, RTE Snapshots, and PEGASE". [ArXiv (2016)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.01533).
* [FlPaCa13] **S. Fliscounakis, P. Panciatici, F. Capitanescu, and L. Wehenkel.**
"Contingency ranking with respect to overloads in very large power
systems taking into account uncertainty, preventive and corrective
actions", Power Systems, IEEE Trans. on, (28)4:4909-4917, 2013.
[DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2251015](https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2251015)
### PGLIB-UC
* [PGLIB] **Carleton Coffrin and Bernard Knueven.** "Power Grid Lib - Unit Commitment". Available at: <https://github.com/power-grid-lib/pglib-uc> (Accessed: Nov 14, 2020)
* [KrHiOn12] **Eric Krall, Michael Higgins and Richard P. ONeill.** "RTO unit commitment test system." Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. Available at: <https://www.ferc.gov/industries-data/electric/power-sales-and-markets/increasing-efficiency-through-improved-software-1> (Accessed: Nov 14, 2020)
* [KnOsWa20] **Bernard Knueven, James Ostrowski and Jean-Paul Watson.** "On Mixed-Integer Programming Formulations for the Unit Commitment Problem". INFORMS Journal on Computing (2020). [DOI: 10.1287/ijoc.2019.0944](https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2019.0944)
### RTS-GMLC
* https://github.com/GridMod/RTS-GMLC
* [BaBlEh19] **Clayton Barrows, Aaron Bloom, Ali Ehlen, Jussi Ikaheimo, Jennie Jorgenson, Dheepak Krishnamurthy, Jessica Lau et al.** "The IEEE Reliability Test System: A Proposed 2019 Update." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems (2019). [DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2925557](https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2925557)
### OR-LIB
* [ORLIB] **J.E.Beasley.** "OR-Library: distributing test problems by electronic mail", Journal of the Operational Research Society 41(11) (1990). [DOI: 10.2307/2582903](https://doi.org/10.2307/2582903)
* [FrGe06] **A. Frangioni, C. Gentile.** "Solving nonlinear single-unit commitment problems with ramping constraints" Operations Research 54(4), p. 767 - 775, 2006. [DOI: 10.1287/opre.1060.0309](https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.1060.0309)
### Tejada19
* [TeLuSa19] **D. A. Tejada-Arango, S. Lumbreras, P. Sanchez-Martin and A. Ramos.** "Which Unit-Commitment Formulation is Best? A Systematic Comparison," in IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. [DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2962024](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8941313/).

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